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<p>Maghemite (<i>γ</i>-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticles have attracted significant attention owing to their chemical stability, low cost, and tunable magnetic and electrical properties. This review focuses on sol–gel-derived doped <i>γ</i>-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles, emphasizing the role of controlled doping and sol–gel processing in tailoring particle size, morphology, defect chemistry, and grain-boundary structure. The effects of Mg, Gd, and Co dopants on charge transport, dielectric relaxation, and magnetic behavior are critically discussed, particularly through small-polaron hopping conduction and interfacial polarization mechanisms. The review also highlights how dopant-induced structural modifications influence electro-transport and magnetic performance. Finally, the potential applications of doped <i>γ</i>-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles in electronic devices, sensors, EMI shielding, and magnetic hyperthermia are summarized. This review provides a concise structure–property relationship overview and offers insights for the rational design of advanced multifunctional ferrite nanomaterials.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Recent Advances in Sol–Gel Derived Doped γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles for Electronic Materials Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月18日

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  • Aref Mohammed Al-Syadi,
  • Mohammed Merghani Rashed,
  • Ramzi Dhahri,
  • Hasan Balghaith Albargi,
  • Elkenany Brens Elkenany

摘要

Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles have attracted significant attention owing to their chemical stability, low cost, and tunable magnetic and electrical properties. This review focuses on sol–gel-derived doped γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, emphasizing the role of controlled doping and sol–gel processing in tailoring particle size, morphology, defect chemistry, and grain-boundary structure. The effects of Mg, Gd, and Co dopants on charge transport, dielectric relaxation, and magnetic behavior are critically discussed, particularly through small-polaron hopping conduction and interfacial polarization mechanisms. The review also highlights how dopant-induced structural modifications influence electro-transport and magnetic performance. Finally, the potential applications of doped γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in electronic devices, sensors, EMI shielding, and magnetic hyperthermia are summarized. This review provides a concise structure–property relationship overview and offers insights for the rational design of advanced multifunctional ferrite nanomaterials.

Graphical Abstract