Synergistic DJ 2D/3D Perovskite Heterostructures for High-Efficiency Tandem Photovoltaics: A Comparative Study on Silicon, CIGS and Perovskite Bottom Cells
摘要
Tandem solar cells work collaboratively, with each layer of the cell being engineered to capture a particular segment of the solar spectrum. This enables it to harness a greater portion of the sun’s energy than conventional solar cells. Tandem solar cells offer a significant step toward achieving better power conversion efficiency (PCE) than conventional single-junction cells. This paper models a two-layer tandem cell, with the activity of the top (TCELL) and bottom (BCELL) sub-cells being determined mainly by the bandgap energies of the absorber materials. The TCELL has a Dion–Jacobson configuration, which consists of a two-dimensional (2D) layer of perovskite (PeDAMA4Pb5I16, Eg = 1.65 eV) and a three-dimensional (3D) layer of perovskite (FAPbI3). This design combines the stability of 3D perovskites with their enhanced theoretical performance. The BCELL is based on a narrow-bandgap halide (NBH) with the perovskite composition FA0.7MA0.3Pb0.5Sn0.5I3, CIGS, and Si with bandgaps of 1.22, 1.30, and 1.12 eV, respectively. Simulations were performed with standard AM1.5 conditions (1000 W/m2, 300 K), ideal RS, and RSH of 105Ω-cm2. In isolation, the TCELL recorded a PCE of 22.36% (VOC = 1.37 V, JSC = 20.36 mA/cm2, FF = 70.96%), whereas the BCELL (perovskite [PVSK]-based), BCELL(CIGS-based), and BCELL(c-Si-based) had stand-alone PCE of 23.15%, 18.46%, and 31.15%, respectively. Using spectral filtering and current matching, the integrated tandem cell displayed significantly higher performance, with PCE of 32.02% for the silicon-based BCELL. This study affirms that tandem solar cells stand among the most promising approaches to advancing solar energy toward a brighter and more efficient future.
Graphical Abstract