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<p>In recent years, methylammonium (MA)- and Cs-based perovskites have been widely utilized in conventional solar cell designs. This study presents a double-absorber approach to optimize lead-free organic–inorganic Sn-based perovskite layers using SCAPS-1D simulation. Utilizing CsSnI<sub>3</sub> as the bottom absorber, we propose two device configurations by substituting two different halide ions in the top absorber perovskite (MASnX<sub>3</sub>). Our Device-1, upon bromide ion adoption, follows the layer order of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/ZnO/MASnBr<sub>3</sub>/CsSnI<sub>3</sub>/Spiro-OMeTAD, and Device-2 incorporates iodide in the top absorber with layer sequence FTO/ZnO/MASnI<sub>3</sub>/CsSnI<sub>3</sub>/Spiro-OMeTAD, respectively. The devices are studied and analyzed via systematic parameter optimization, including thickness variation, acceptor doping variation, interface defect density, and total defect density variation. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) values follow Device-2, containing MASnI<sub>3</sub> and CsSnI<sub>3</sub> as double absorbers with an optimized PCE of 23.19%. A comparable PCE of 23.11% is achieved for Device-1 with MASnBr<sub>3</sub> as the top absorber. The temperature variation of our devices from 300K to 500&#xa0;K demonstrates their reliable behavior. Our study also confirms that lower series resistance and higher shunt resistance are important to obtain optimal efficiency. This work supports the continued exploration of efficient lead-free alternatives and would provide motivation for researchers to extend the work beyond traditional perovskite solar cell design for a sustainable solar future.</p>

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Comparative Performance Optimization of MASnX3(X = I, Br)/CsSnI3 Double-Absorber Perovskite Solar Cells: A SCAPS Study Towards Eco-Friendly High-Efficiency Devices

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Monalisa Khatua,
  • Divya Punia,
  • Ajay Kumar Sharma,
  • Jyoteesh Malhotra,
  • Rikmantra Basu,
  • Jaya Madan,
  • Rahul Pandey

摘要

In recent years, methylammonium (MA)- and Cs-based perovskites have been widely utilized in conventional solar cell designs. This study presents a double-absorber approach to optimize lead-free organic–inorganic Sn-based perovskite layers using SCAPS-1D simulation. Utilizing CsSnI3 as the bottom absorber, we propose two device configurations by substituting two different halide ions in the top absorber perovskite (MASnX3). Our Device-1, upon bromide ion adoption, follows the layer order of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/ZnO/MASnBr3/CsSnI3/Spiro-OMeTAD, and Device-2 incorporates iodide in the top absorber with layer sequence FTO/ZnO/MASnI3/CsSnI3/Spiro-OMeTAD, respectively. The devices are studied and analyzed via systematic parameter optimization, including thickness variation, acceptor doping variation, interface defect density, and total defect density variation. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) values follow Device-2, containing MASnI3 and CsSnI3 as double absorbers with an optimized PCE of 23.19%. A comparable PCE of 23.11% is achieved for Device-1 with MASnBr3 as the top absorber. The temperature variation of our devices from 300K to 500 K demonstrates their reliable behavior. Our study also confirms that lower series resistance and higher shunt resistance are important to obtain optimal efficiency. This work supports the continued exploration of efficient lead-free alternatives and would provide motivation for researchers to extend the work beyond traditional perovskite solar cell design for a sustainable solar future.