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<p>Discharge of wastewater from pharmaceutical and healthcare industries has become a serious environmental problem, highlighting the need to develop efficient and sustainable photocatalysts for pollutant removal. The present work reports on a novel Ce-doped ZnO@chitosan hybrid photocatalyst synthesized by a facile precipitation–polymer integration strategy. X-ray diffraction confirmed the wurtzite ZnO phase with successful Ce incorporation. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses validated the presence of Ce<sup>3+</sup>/Ce<sup>4+</sup> redox states, oxygen vacancies, and functional groups of chitosan (CS). The photocatalytic activity of as-prepared samples was investigated towards degradation of commonly used antibiotics, namely amoxicillin (AMX) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The results demonstrated that ZnO, Ce<sub>0.01</sub>-ZnO, and Ce<sub>0.05</sub>-ZnO degraded approximately 58, 71, and 86% of AMX in 90&#xa0;min under natural sunlight, respectively. Ce<sub>0.05</sub>-ZnO@CS attained approximately 98% removal with a rate constant of 0.0254&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup>. The degradation rate of ciprofloxacin was approximately 99%, and the rate constant was the highest at 0.0276&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup>. After five cycles, the hybrid maintained an efficiency of approximately 94–95%, indicating exceptional stability. Additionally, Ce<sub>0.05</sub>-ZnO@CS exhibited superior antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of approximately 20&#xa0;mm against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and 18&#xa0;mm against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. These results underscore the multifunctionality, reusability, and robustness of Ce<sub>0.05</sub>-ZnO@CS in the context of bacterial disinfection and antibiotic degradation under natural sunlight conditions.</p>

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Facile Synthesis of Ce-Doped ZnO@Chitosan Hybrid for Enhanced Visible-Light Degradation of Antibiotics and Antibacterial Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Prateek Nigam,
  • Geethalakshmi Manickam,
  • Jonnalagadda Pavan,
  • R. Naveenkumar,
  • Sai Krishna Edpuganti,
  • Atish Baburao Mane,
  • S. Kumaran

摘要

Discharge of wastewater from pharmaceutical and healthcare industries has become a serious environmental problem, highlighting the need to develop efficient and sustainable photocatalysts for pollutant removal. The present work reports on a novel Ce-doped ZnO@chitosan hybrid photocatalyst synthesized by a facile precipitation–polymer integration strategy. X-ray diffraction confirmed the wurtzite ZnO phase with successful Ce incorporation. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses validated the presence of Ce3+/Ce4+ redox states, oxygen vacancies, and functional groups of chitosan (CS). The photocatalytic activity of as-prepared samples was investigated towards degradation of commonly used antibiotics, namely amoxicillin (AMX) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The results demonstrated that ZnO, Ce0.01-ZnO, and Ce0.05-ZnO degraded approximately 58, 71, and 86% of AMX in 90 min under natural sunlight, respectively. Ce0.05-ZnO@CS attained approximately 98% removal with a rate constant of 0.0254 min−1. The degradation rate of ciprofloxacin was approximately 99%, and the rate constant was the highest at 0.0276 min−1. After five cycles, the hybrid maintained an efficiency of approximately 94–95%, indicating exceptional stability. Additionally, Ce0.05-ZnO@CS exhibited superior antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of approximately 20 mm against Escherichia coli and 18 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. These results underscore the multifunctionality, reusability, and robustness of Ce0.05-ZnO@CS in the context of bacterial disinfection and antibiotic degradation under natural sunlight conditions.