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<p>Polycrystalline perovskite films often feature surface defects that act as non-radiative recombination centers, thereby limiting photovoltaic efficiency and the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells. These defects disrupt effective charge extraction and transport, while simultaneously offering pathways for moisture and oxygen infiltration, which accelerates perovskite degradation. Consequently, developing efficient strategies to passivate these surface defects and mitigating non-radiative recombination remains a critical challenge in the field of perovskite photovoltaics. To address this issue, we propose a methoxy dual-sided modification strategy that employs two MeO-functionalized molecules: [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl] phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) and 4-methoxy phenethylammonium bromide (4-MeO-PEABr), to selectively modify the bottom and top interfaces of the perovskite film, respectively. This “sandwich” architecture enables the methoxy groups to interact synergistically with perovskite grains from both sides. Experimental results demonstrate that the dual-sided modification not only effectively passivates surface defects and reduces non-radiative recombination centers but also enhances the crystalline quality and microstructure of the perovskite film. These combined improvements promote more efficient charge extraction and transport. As a result, the champion device modified with the methoxy dual-sided strategy achieves a power conversion efficiency of 22.63% and a fill factor of 79.21%. This synergistic interface engineering provides an insight into defect passivation and interfacial design for high-performance and stable perovskite solar cells.</p>

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Perovskite Solar Cells Based on a Methoxy Dual-Sided Modification Strategy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月8日

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  • Lanhang Zhang,
  • Shihao Yu,
  • Nan Zhang,
  • Lizhong Wang,
  • Kainan Dou

摘要

Polycrystalline perovskite films often feature surface defects that act as non-radiative recombination centers, thereby limiting photovoltaic efficiency and the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells. These defects disrupt effective charge extraction and transport, while simultaneously offering pathways for moisture and oxygen infiltration, which accelerates perovskite degradation. Consequently, developing efficient strategies to passivate these surface defects and mitigating non-radiative recombination remains a critical challenge in the field of perovskite photovoltaics. To address this issue, we propose a methoxy dual-sided modification strategy that employs two MeO-functionalized molecules: [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl] phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) and 4-methoxy phenethylammonium bromide (4-MeO-PEABr), to selectively modify the bottom and top interfaces of the perovskite film, respectively. This “sandwich” architecture enables the methoxy groups to interact synergistically with perovskite grains from both sides. Experimental results demonstrate that the dual-sided modification not only effectively passivates surface defects and reduces non-radiative recombination centers but also enhances the crystalline quality and microstructure of the perovskite film. These combined improvements promote more efficient charge extraction and transport. As a result, the champion device modified with the methoxy dual-sided strategy achieves a power conversion efficiency of 22.63% and a fill factor of 79.21%. This synergistic interface engineering provides an insight into defect passivation and interfacial design for high-performance and stable perovskite solar cells.