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<p>This study explores the mechanical, optical, and radiation shielding properties of Co<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Cu<sub><i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoferrites (where <i>x</i> = 0.0–0.6) synthesized via the citrate double-sintering method. Unlike most previous studies, which address these properties independently, this work provides a unified, composition-dependent evaluation of mechanical stiffness, optical response, and radiation attenuation within a single Cu-substituted spinel ferrite system. Mechanical measurements revealed that increasing Cu<sup>2+</sup> content enhances mechanical stiffness, with the longitudinal modulus increasing from 3.97 GP to 5.25 GPa, shear modulus from 0.72 GPa to 1.07 GPa, bulk modulus from 3.01 GPa to 3.83 GPa, and Young’s modulus from 2.0 GPa to 2.93 GPa. Optical analysis using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed an increase in the bandgap from 1.59&#xa0;eV (<i>x</i> = 0.0) to 1.66&#xa0;eV (<i>x</i> = 0.6), correlating with reduced porosity and increased density. The radiation shielding performance, evaluated via Phy-X software, demonstrated improved attenuation efficiency with Cu substitution. The effective atomic number (Z<sub>eff</sub>) ranged from 25.58 to 26.08 at 0.025&#xa0;MeV, while the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) reached maximum values of 174.93 cm<sup>2</sup>/g (<i>x</i> = 0.0) and 142.23 cm<sup>2</sup>/g (<i>x</i> = 0.6) at 0.009&#xa0;MeV. The half-value layer (HVL) at 0.025&#xa0;MeV decreased from 0.016&#xa0;cm (<i>x</i> = 0.0) to 0.013&#xa0;cm (<i>x</i> = 0.6), indicating enhanced shielding efficiency with increasing Cu content. By directly correlating compositional tuning with multifunctional performance, this study highlights Co<sub>0.4</sub>Cu<sub>0.6</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as a promising candidate for integrated applications in medical imaging, nuclear protection, aerospace shielding, and optoelectronic devices.</p>

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Comprehensive Characterization of Cu2+-Doped Co-Cu Ferrite Nanomaterials: Mechanical, Optical, and Radiation Shielding Properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Hala Siddiq,
  • Amani Saleh Almuslem,
  • Ruaa M. Almotawa,
  • Abeer A. Alghamdi,
  • Mohammad A. Z. Qutub,
  • E. Abdel-Fattah,
  • M. S. Sadeq,
  • M. A. Abdo

摘要

This study explores the mechanical, optical, and radiation shielding properties of Co1−xCuxFe2O4 nanoferrites (where x = 0.0–0.6) synthesized via the citrate double-sintering method. Unlike most previous studies, which address these properties independently, this work provides a unified, composition-dependent evaluation of mechanical stiffness, optical response, and radiation attenuation within a single Cu-substituted spinel ferrite system. Mechanical measurements revealed that increasing Cu2+ content enhances mechanical stiffness, with the longitudinal modulus increasing from 3.97 GP to 5.25 GPa, shear modulus from 0.72 GPa to 1.07 GPa, bulk modulus from 3.01 GPa to 3.83 GPa, and Young’s modulus from 2.0 GPa to 2.93 GPa. Optical analysis using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed an increase in the bandgap from 1.59 eV (x = 0.0) to 1.66 eV (x = 0.6), correlating with reduced porosity and increased density. The radiation shielding performance, evaluated via Phy-X software, demonstrated improved attenuation efficiency with Cu substitution. The effective atomic number (Zeff) ranged from 25.58 to 26.08 at 0.025 MeV, while the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) reached maximum values of 174.93 cm2/g (x = 0.0) and 142.23 cm2/g (x = 0.6) at 0.009 MeV. The half-value layer (HVL) at 0.025 MeV decreased from 0.016 cm (x = 0.0) to 0.013 cm (x = 0.6), indicating enhanced shielding efficiency with increasing Cu content. By directly correlating compositional tuning with multifunctional performance, this study highlights Co0.4Cu0.6Fe2O4 as a promising candidate for integrated applications in medical imaging, nuclear protection, aerospace shielding, and optoelectronic devices.