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<p>Food safety monitoring requires the detection of both synthetic additives and spoilage to ensure product quality and consumer health. This study developed sensors based on moringa leaf extract-tin dioxide (M-SnO<sub>2</sub>), moringa leaf extract-manganese dioxide (M-MnO<sub>2</sub>), and moringa leaf extract-tin dioxide-manganese dioxide nanocomposite (M-SnO<sub>2</sub>-M-MnO<sub>2</sub>) for the simultaneous detection of sunset yellow (SY) and ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) for food safety. The crystalline structure, morphology, elemental composition, chemical bond, and chemical state were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). An electrochemical measurement was examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The DPV study of sensing showed a linear association between the anodic peak current of SY and NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations ranging from 1&#xa0;μM to 20&#xa0;μM. The electrochemical sensing probe showed a good linear relationship between current and analyte concentration (SY and NH<sub>3</sub>), with corresponding limits of detection (LOD) for NH<sub>3</sub> and SY of 0.44&#xa0;µM, 0.27&#xa0;µM, and 0.20&#xa0;µM, and 0.809&#xa0;µM, 0.714&#xa0;µM, and 0.646&#xa0;µM, respectively. Based on the results, the M-SnO<sub>2</sub>-M-MnO<sub>2</sub>-GE sensor demonstrates suitability for simultaneous detection of NH<sub>3</sub> and SY due to the lower LOD. Analytical parameters such as LOD, limit of quantification (LOQ), sensitivity (<i>s</i>), and correlation coefficient (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) were investigated. The M-SnO<sub>2</sub>-M-MnO<sub>2</sub>-GE sensor detected the NH<sub>3</sub>- and SY-spiked flavoured yogurt sample and performed better with good recovery rates. The experimental investigation of the M-SnO<sub>2</sub>-M-MnO<sub>2</sub>-GE sensor confirms its potential for detecting SY and NH<sub>3</sub> simultaneously for food safety.</p>

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Moringa Oleifera-Mediated MnO2-SnO2 Nanocomposite for Simultaneous Electrochemical Sensing of Sunset Yellow and Ammonia in Food Samples

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • Mythili Kumaresan Kavitha,
  • Radha Sankararajan,
  • Muthumeenakshi Kailasam,
  • Sreeja Balakrishnapillai Suseela

摘要

Food safety monitoring requires the detection of both synthetic additives and spoilage to ensure product quality and consumer health. This study developed sensors based on moringa leaf extract-tin dioxide (M-SnO2), moringa leaf extract-manganese dioxide (M-MnO2), and moringa leaf extract-tin dioxide-manganese dioxide nanocomposite (M-SnO2-M-MnO2) for the simultaneous detection of sunset yellow (SY) and ammonia (NH3) for food safety. The crystalline structure, morphology, elemental composition, chemical bond, and chemical state were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). An electrochemical measurement was examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The DPV study of sensing showed a linear association between the anodic peak current of SY and NH3 concentrations ranging from 1 μM to 20 μM. The electrochemical sensing probe showed a good linear relationship between current and analyte concentration (SY and NH3), with corresponding limits of detection (LOD) for NH3 and SY of 0.44 µM, 0.27 µM, and 0.20 µM, and 0.809 µM, 0.714 µM, and 0.646 µM, respectively. Based on the results, the M-SnO2-M-MnO2-GE sensor demonstrates suitability for simultaneous detection of NH3 and SY due to the lower LOD. Analytical parameters such as LOD, limit of quantification (LOQ), sensitivity (s), and correlation coefficient (R2) were investigated. The M-SnO2-M-MnO2-GE sensor detected the NH3- and SY-spiked flavoured yogurt sample and performed better with good recovery rates. The experimental investigation of the M-SnO2-M-MnO2-GE sensor confirms its potential for detecting SY and NH3 simultaneously for food safety.