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<p>The recent surge in energy demand, coupled with growing concerns over environmental degradation, has stimulated extensive research into alternative green energy sources. The hydroelectric cell (HEC)—a green electronic device, compatible with environmentally benign, low-cost, oxygen-deficient metal oxides—has been employed to spontaneously split water molecules and produce green electricity. Nanocomposites (Me<sub><i>x</i></sub>Al<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>O<sub>3</sub>, where <sub><i>x</i></sub> = 0.00 and 0.03; Me = Mg/Cu/Co) were synthesized via a solid-state method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted to evaluate the crystallite size (≈ 5&#xa0;nm) and alpha phase formation. Lattice strain was further examined using the Williamson–Hall (W–H) approach. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of chemisorbed hydroxyl groups on the alumina surface. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirmed the distorted structure present in all composites. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements identified surface oxygen vacancies and defects in the nanostructured alumina. Nyquist plots demonstrated the dissociation of water molecules and ion transport within the system. The electrochemical performance of the HEC was evaluated across various regions of irreversible polarization loss using the voltage–current (<i>V</i>–<i>I</i>) polarization curve, providing insights into reaction mechanisms and charge transport dynamics inside the HEC. The alumina-based HEC generated short-circuit current (<i>I</i><sub>SC</sub>) of 10.11&#xa0;mA and open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i><sub>OC</sub>) of 0.92&#xa0;V using only a few drops of water. Maximum output power of 9.3&#xa0;mW was achieved from a 2 × 2&#xa0;cm<sup>2</sup> pellet without any external load. This self-driven process enables continuous ion transport, where hydronium ions move toward the cathode through the Grotthuss proton-hopping mechanism.</p>

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Investigation of Alumina-Based Materials for a Green Energy Device: Hydroelectric Cell

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月28日

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  • Vishal Jakhar,
  • Monika Dhall,
  • Ankit Lathwal,
  • Prerana Vashistha,
  • Meena Malik,
  • Satish Khasa,
  • Ashima Hooda,
  • Jyoti Shah,
  • R. K. Kotnala

摘要

The recent surge in energy demand, coupled with growing concerns over environmental degradation, has stimulated extensive research into alternative green energy sources. The hydroelectric cell (HEC)—a green electronic device, compatible with environmentally benign, low-cost, oxygen-deficient metal oxides—has been employed to spontaneously split water molecules and produce green electricity. Nanocomposites (MexAl2−xO3, where x = 0.00 and 0.03; Me = Mg/Cu/Co) were synthesized via a solid-state method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted to evaluate the crystallite size (≈ 5 nm) and alpha phase formation. Lattice strain was further examined using the Williamson–Hall (W–H) approach. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of chemisorbed hydroxyl groups on the alumina surface. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirmed the distorted structure present in all composites. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements identified surface oxygen vacancies and defects in the nanostructured alumina. Nyquist plots demonstrated the dissociation of water molecules and ion transport within the system. The electrochemical performance of the HEC was evaluated across various regions of irreversible polarization loss using the voltage–current (V–I) polarization curve, providing insights into reaction mechanisms and charge transport dynamics inside the HEC. The alumina-based HEC generated short-circuit current (ISC) of 10.11 mA and open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.92 V using only a few drops of water. Maximum output power of 9.3 mW was achieved from a 2 × 2 cm2 pellet without any external load. This self-driven process enables continuous ion transport, where hydronium ions move toward the cathode through the Grotthuss proton-hopping mechanism.