Temperature-Dependent Energy Harvesting from 0.25(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3/0.75PVDF Composite
摘要
A (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) (0-3 type) composite with a volume fraction of 0.25/0.75 was fabricated via the melt-mixing technique, and its temperature-dependent energy harvesting characteristics were investigated using electromagnetic radiation (EMR) as a non-contact measurement technique. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the successful formation of (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3 (NBT) and its composite with PVDF, whereas scanning electron microscopy revealed that NBT ceramic particles, ranging in size from 0.1 μm to 3 μm, were uniformly dispersed throughout the PVDF matrix. The electric modulus and dielectric studies indicated non-Debye relaxation, with charge transport characterized as a hopping type. As the temperature increased, both EMR and DC voltage exhibited a significant rise up to 90°C and subsequently showed a slight decline. Moreover, an increase in DC voltage (0.098–0.415 V) was observed with higher capacitor values. These findings, along with the apparent porosity (< 2%), low water absorption (< 0.091 wt.%), and tangent loss (~10−2) values, suggest the potential for integrating the composite into self-sustaining, low-power electronic systems. Consequently, the 0-3 type 0.25NBT/0.75PVDF composite presents a promising non-lead option for temperature-dependent energy harvesting and sensing/detection applications.