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<p>Traditionally sintered (TS) BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-0.33PbTiO<sub>3</sub>-0.13Ba(Zr<sub>0.5</sub>Ti<sub>0.5</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> (BF-PT-BZT) ceramics have attracted much attention due to their high Curie temperature (<i>T</i><sub><i>C</i></sub>) and excellent piezoelectric properties. However, the rapid reduction of resistivity and coarse grain size greatly limit their resistivity and mechanical strength at elevated temperatures. In this work, BF-PT-BZT ceramics were prepared using the two-step sintering (TSS) solid-state reaction method. Specimens were first sintered at a higher temperature (<i>T</i><sub>1</sub>) without holding and then sintered at a lower temperature (<i>T</i><sub>2</sub>) for 8&#xa0;h. The results show that not holding at <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> effectively inhibited grain growth, while a long sintering time at <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> promoted ceramic densification. BF-PT-BZT ceramics sintered at <i>T</i><sub>1</sub>and <i>T</i><sub>2</sub>of 1085°C and 950°C, respectively, exhibited enhanced <i>T</i><sub><i>C</i></sub> and piezoelectric constant (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({d}_{33}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>33</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) of 465°C and 370 pC/N, respectively. The resistivity at 400°C of the TSS ceramics was as high as 5.05 <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\times \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>×</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 10<sup>5</sup>&#xa0;Ω·cm, which is higher than that of the TS ceramics. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that two-step sintering reduces the concentration of defects and oxygen vacancies, resulting in enhanced insulation properties of BF-PT-BZT ceramics. Our results indicate that TSS-treated BF-PT-BZT ceramics exhibit reduced grain size and enhanced piezoelectric properties, making them suitable for high-temperature piezoelectric sensor and actuator applications.</p>

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Reduced Grain Size and Enhanced Piezoelectric Constant of BiFeO3-0.33PbTiO3-0.13Ba(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 Ceramics by Two-Step Sintering

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • Pengfei He,
  • Jie Jian,
  • Xiuru Tang,
  • Zhengrong Xue,
  • Hui Zhao,
  • Jiacong Bian,
  • Yan Wang,
  • Jinrong Cheng

摘要

Traditionally sintered (TS) BiFeO3-0.33PbTiO3-0.13Ba(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 (BF-PT-BZT) ceramics have attracted much attention due to their high Curie temperature (TC) and excellent piezoelectric properties. However, the rapid reduction of resistivity and coarse grain size greatly limit their resistivity and mechanical strength at elevated temperatures. In this work, BF-PT-BZT ceramics were prepared using the two-step sintering (TSS) solid-state reaction method. Specimens were first sintered at a higher temperature (T1) without holding and then sintered at a lower temperature (T2) for 8 h. The results show that not holding at T1 effectively inhibited grain growth, while a long sintering time at T2 promoted ceramic densification. BF-PT-BZT ceramics sintered at T1and T2of 1085°C and 950°C, respectively, exhibited enhanced TC and piezoelectric constant ( \({d}_{33}\) d 33 ) of 465°C and 370 pC/N, respectively. The resistivity at 400°C of the TSS ceramics was as high as 5.05 \(\times \) × 105 Ω·cm, which is higher than that of the TS ceramics. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that two-step sintering reduces the concentration of defects and oxygen vacancies, resulting in enhanced insulation properties of BF-PT-BZT ceramics. Our results indicate that TSS-treated BF-PT-BZT ceramics exhibit reduced grain size and enhanced piezoelectric properties, making them suitable for high-temperature piezoelectric sensor and actuator applications.