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<p>Implantable arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) are critical for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis, but complications such as restenosis, thrombosis, and infection limit their long-term function. This work presents a highly miniaturized dual-band implantable antenna for real-time biotelemetry and autonomous monitoring of AVGs. Operating at 1.4 GHz and 2.4 GHz, the antenna maintains stable performance within heterogeneous tissue environments. Its compact footprint of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11664_2025_12466_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="193" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0.014\lambda \times 0.019\lambda \times 0.0012\lambda \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0.014</mn> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mn>0.019</mn> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mn>0.0012</mn> <mi>λ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> at 1.4 GHz enables seamless integration in implantable medical devices. Multiple slots in the patch and ground plane, combined with a high-permittivity substrate, provide a wide impedance bandwidth of 1.01–2.887 GHz and a peak gain of −20.16 dB. The design is robust to tissue variations and meets specific absorption rate (SAR) safety limits. Full-wave simulations in Advanced Design System (ADS), Computer Simulation Technology (CST), and High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), alongside experimental validation, confirm its suitability as a reliable antenna for next-generation smart hemodialysis systems.</p>

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Pretty-Small Implantable Dual-Band Antenna for the Radio Frequency Module of Advanced Smart Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Grafts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月17日

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  • Abdelmouttalib Bousrout,
  • Asma Khabba,
  • Atta Ullah,
  • Jamal Amadid,
  • Saida Ibnyaich,
  • Tomader Mazri,
  • Mohamed Habibi

摘要

Implantable arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) are critical for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis, but complications such as restenosis, thrombosis, and infection limit their long-term function. This work presents a highly miniaturized dual-band implantable antenna for real-time biotelemetry and autonomous monitoring of AVGs. Operating at 1.4 GHz and 2.4 GHz, the antenna maintains stable performance within heterogeneous tissue environments. Its compact footprint of \(0.014\lambda \times 0.019\lambda \times 0.0012\lambda \) 0.014 λ × 0.019 λ × 0.0012 λ at 1.4 GHz enables seamless integration in implantable medical devices. Multiple slots in the patch and ground plane, combined with a high-permittivity substrate, provide a wide impedance bandwidth of 1.01–2.887 GHz and a peak gain of −20.16 dB. The design is robust to tissue variations and meets specific absorption rate (SAR) safety limits. Full-wave simulations in Advanced Design System (ADS), Computer Simulation Technology (CST), and High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), alongside experimental validation, confirm its suitability as a reliable antenna for next-generation smart hemodialysis systems.