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<p>To address the need for sensitive, low-frequency environmental monitoring, a dual-mode thin-film capacitive sensor for humidity and pressure detection was developed. The device employs chromium/gold (Cr/Au, 30&#xa0;nm/100&#xa0;nm) interdigitated electrodes on quartz, functionalized with a para-nitroaniline (p-NA) active layer via spin coating (5 wt% in ethanol) and annealing at 60°C. Capacitance measurements in a custom humidity chamber (100 Hz–10&#xa0;kHz) demonstrate high humidity sensitivity (5.6 nF/%RH at 100&#xa0;Hz) with a fast 9&#xa0;s response, minimal hysteresis (4.09 nF), and excellent reversibility. Under applied pressure (30–90&#xa0;kPa), the sensor achieves maximum sensitivity of 600 F/kPa at 100&#xa0;Hz, which decreases at higher frequencies. The strong low-frequency response is attributed to enhanced dipolar and ionic polarization facilitated by the electron-withdrawing (–NO<sub>2</sub>) and electron-donating (–NH<sub>2</sub>) functional groups of p-NA. Furthermore, the device maintains stable performance over extended cycling, confirming its reliability for long-term operation. These results demonstrate a robust, cost-effective dual-mode sensor with high stability and swift responsiveness, suitable for reliable ambient humidity and pressure monitoring.</p>

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p-Nitroaniline-Functionalized Cr/Au Thin-Film Sensor for Low-Frequency Operated Capacitive Humidity and Pressure Detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Mubbasher Ahmad,
  • Abdul Haseeb Hassan Khan,
  • Abid Hussain,
  • Sana Zahra,
  • Aqib Ali Khan,
  • Nadir Ali Khan,
  • Mushahid Hussain,
  • Naseem Abbas

摘要

To address the need for sensitive, low-frequency environmental monitoring, a dual-mode thin-film capacitive sensor for humidity and pressure detection was developed. The device employs chromium/gold (Cr/Au, 30 nm/100 nm) interdigitated electrodes on quartz, functionalized with a para-nitroaniline (p-NA) active layer via spin coating (5 wt% in ethanol) and annealing at 60°C. Capacitance measurements in a custom humidity chamber (100 Hz–10 kHz) demonstrate high humidity sensitivity (5.6 nF/%RH at 100 Hz) with a fast 9 s response, minimal hysteresis (4.09 nF), and excellent reversibility. Under applied pressure (30–90 kPa), the sensor achieves maximum sensitivity of 600 F/kPa at 100 Hz, which decreases at higher frequencies. The strong low-frequency response is attributed to enhanced dipolar and ionic polarization facilitated by the electron-withdrawing (–NO2) and electron-donating (–NH2) functional groups of p-NA. Furthermore, the device maintains stable performance over extended cycling, confirming its reliability for long-term operation. These results demonstrate a robust, cost-effective dual-mode sensor with high stability and swift responsiveness, suitable for reliable ambient humidity and pressure monitoring.