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<p>Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) have emerged as promising, cost-effective, and highly flexible solutions for harvesting mechanical energy, particularly in lightweight and wearable electronic systems. However, the intrinsic piezoelectric response of poly(vinylidene fluoride–co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) is relatively weak, which limits its utility in commercial sensing applications. To overcome this limitation, copper-doped barium titanate (CBT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were incorporated into a PVDF-HFP matrix to enhance its piezoelectric performance. Electrospinning was employed to fabricate nanocomposite films containing varying concentrations (1–5 wt%) of CBT-rGO fillers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the successful integration of CBT-rGO within the polymer matrix, while FESEM imaging revealed a uniform nanofiller dispersion and smooth, defect-free nanofiber morphology. The fabricated PENG devices were evaluated using a digital oscilloscope upon mechanical stimulation by finger tapping and an electrometer device. A nanocomposite film with 5 wt% CBT-rGO demonstrated the highest piezoelectric performance, generating an open-circuit voltage of 3.24&#xa0;V and short-circuit current of 0.12&#xa0;<i>μ</i>A. The enhanced performance was attributed to the synergistic interfacial polarization, increased dielectric constant, and optimized filler distribution. This study demonstrates the significant potential of CBT-rGO-reinforced PVDF-HFP nanogenerators for next-generation self-powered systems and flexible energy-harvesting applications.</p>

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Enhanced Piezoelectric, Thermal, and Mechanical Performance of PVDF-HFP/CBT Nanofibers Reinforced with Reduced Graphene Oxide for Efficient Energy Harvesting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月15日

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  • R. Gowdaman,
  • A. Deepa

摘要

Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) have emerged as promising, cost-effective, and highly flexible solutions for harvesting mechanical energy, particularly in lightweight and wearable electronic systems. However, the intrinsic piezoelectric response of poly(vinylidene fluoride–co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) is relatively weak, which limits its utility in commercial sensing applications. To overcome this limitation, copper-doped barium titanate (CBT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were incorporated into a PVDF-HFP matrix to enhance its piezoelectric performance. Electrospinning was employed to fabricate nanocomposite films containing varying concentrations (1–5 wt%) of CBT-rGO fillers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the successful integration of CBT-rGO within the polymer matrix, while FESEM imaging revealed a uniform nanofiller dispersion and smooth, defect-free nanofiber morphology. The fabricated PENG devices were evaluated using a digital oscilloscope upon mechanical stimulation by finger tapping and an electrometer device. A nanocomposite film with 5 wt% CBT-rGO demonstrated the highest piezoelectric performance, generating an open-circuit voltage of 3.24 V and short-circuit current of 0.12 μA. The enhanced performance was attributed to the synergistic interfacial polarization, increased dielectric constant, and optimized filler distribution. This study demonstrates the significant potential of CBT-rGO-reinforced PVDF-HFP nanogenerators for next-generation self-powered systems and flexible energy-harvesting applications.