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<p>In this work, NZLF (Ni<sub>0.35</sub>Zn<sub>0.65</sub>La<sub>0.03</sub>Fe<sub>1.97</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) and NZLF (Ni<sub>0.35</sub>Zn<sub>0.65</sub>La<sub>0.03</sub>Fe<sub>1.97</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)/graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) composites were synthesized with different weight percentages of GNP content (0%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 3.75%, and 5%) via the sol–gel auto-combustion (SGAC) route. The GNPs were found to play an important role in supporting the spinel ferrites and improving the structural, transport, and magnetic properties, exhibiting suitability for a wide range of daily life applications. The structural parameters of the spinel matrix were confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystallite size was in the range of 33.49–133.97&#xa0;nm and decreased with the addition of GNPs. The lattice constant and unit cell volume demonstrated similar behavior. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the texture of the composites was less porous, with fewer agglomerations. The spinel ferrites were well dispersed in GNP hexagonal sheets, as confirmed by Raman analysis. The temperature-dependent DC resistivity (ρ<sub>DC</sub>) was studied by a two-probe method (323–673&#xa0;K), and a high value of DC resistivity (2.32 × 10<sup>+10</sup> Ω·cm) was found for NZLF (Ni<sub>0.35</sub>Zn<sub>0.65</sub>La<sub>0.03</sub>Fe<sub>1.97</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)/5%GNP composites at 323&#xa0;K. The activation energy (Δ<i>E</i> = <i>E</i><sub>p</sub> − <i>E</i><sub>f</sub>) of the spinel ferrite/GNP composites ranged from 0.421&#xa0;eV to 0.620&#xa0;eV. The dielectric properties (LCR) including ϵ′, ϵ″, <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11664_2025_12275_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{Tan}} \delta_{e}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>Tan</mtext> <msub> <mi>δ</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and reflection loss (RL) were studied in the range of 4–8&#xa0;MHz, and were reduced at 8&#xa0;MHz. The highest value of μ″ was 8.43 H/m found for NZLF (Ni<sub>0.35</sub>Zn<sub>0.65</sub>La<sub>0.03</sub>Fe<sub>1.97</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) at 8&#xa0;MHz. The <i>M</i><sub>s</sub> gradually decreased as the GNP% content increased, with maximum <i>M</i><sub>s</sub> = 102.17&#xa0;emu/g for pure NZLF (Ni<sub>0.35</sub>Zn<sub>0.65</sub>La<sub>0.03</sub>Fe<sub>1.97</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), while the minimum recorded value of <i>M</i><sub>s</sub> = 37.73&#xa0;emu/g was obtained for NZLF(Ni<sub>0.35</sub>Zn<sub>0.65</sub>La<sub>0.03</sub>Fe<sub>1.97</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)/5%GNP. For the NZLF (Ni<sub>0.35</sub>Zn<sub>0.65</sub>La<sub>0.03</sub>Fe<sub>1.97</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)/3.75%GNP composite, we investigated the maximum value of obtained coercivity (<i>H</i><sub>c</sub> = 80.75 Oe), remanence magnetization (<i>M</i><sub>r</sub> = 8.09&#xa0;emu/g), and magneto-crystalline anisotropic parameter (K = 3444.62 erg/cm<sup>3</sup>). The operating frequency (ω<sub>m</sub>) ranged from 8.33&#xa0;GHz to 22.56&#xa0;GHz. Therefore, these findings can be applied in medium-frequency devices, antennas, switching devices, and magnetic recording applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Transport and Magnetic Characteristics of Ni0.35Zn0.65La0.03Fe1.97O4 /Graphene Nanoplatelet Nanocomposites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月24日

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  • Muhammad Rizwan Saleem,
  • M. S. Al-Buriahi,
  • Nasir Amin,
  • Kiran Mehmood,
  • M. Ajaz un Nabi,
  • Talal M. Althagafi,
  • Norah Salem Alsaiari,
  • Muhammad Imran Arshad

摘要

In this work, NZLF (Ni0.35Zn0.65La0.03Fe1.97O4) and NZLF (Ni0.35Zn0.65La0.03Fe1.97O4)/graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) composites were synthesized with different weight percentages of GNP content (0%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 3.75%, and 5%) via the sol–gel auto-combustion (SGAC) route. The GNPs were found to play an important role in supporting the spinel ferrites and improving the structural, transport, and magnetic properties, exhibiting suitability for a wide range of daily life applications. The structural parameters of the spinel matrix were confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystallite size was in the range of 33.49–133.97 nm and decreased with the addition of GNPs. The lattice constant and unit cell volume demonstrated similar behavior. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the texture of the composites was less porous, with fewer agglomerations. The spinel ferrites were well dispersed in GNP hexagonal sheets, as confirmed by Raman analysis. The temperature-dependent DC resistivity (ρDC) was studied by a two-probe method (323–673 K), and a high value of DC resistivity (2.32 × 10+10 Ω·cm) was found for NZLF (Ni0.35Zn0.65La0.03Fe1.97O4)/5%GNP composites at 323 K. The activation energy (ΔE = Ep − Ef) of the spinel ferrite/GNP composites ranged from 0.421 eV to 0.620 eV. The dielectric properties (LCR) including ϵ′, ϵ″, \({\text{Tan}} \delta_{e}\) Tan δ e , and reflection loss (RL) were studied in the range of 4–8 MHz, and were reduced at 8 MHz. The highest value of μ″ was 8.43 H/m found for NZLF (Ni0.35Zn0.65La0.03Fe1.97O4) at 8 MHz. The Ms gradually decreased as the GNP% content increased, with maximum Ms = 102.17 emu/g for pure NZLF (Ni0.35Zn0.65La0.03Fe1.97O4), while the minimum recorded value of Ms = 37.73 emu/g was obtained for NZLF(Ni0.35Zn0.65La0.03Fe1.97O4)/5%GNP. For the NZLF (Ni0.35Zn0.65La0.03Fe1.97O4)/3.75%GNP composite, we investigated the maximum value of obtained coercivity (Hc = 80.75 Oe), remanence magnetization (Mr = 8.09 emu/g), and magneto-crystalline anisotropic parameter (K = 3444.62 erg/cm3). The operating frequency (ωm) ranged from 8.33 GHz to 22.56 GHz. Therefore, these findings can be applied in medium-frequency devices, antennas, switching devices, and magnetic recording applications.

Graphical Abstract