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<p>The rational design of anisotropic structures in microwave absorbers (MAs) remains challenging for achieving customized electromagnetic (EM) properties. Here, we report a novel biomass-derived carbon material with intrinsic coaxial cable-like architecture, derived from&#xa0;<i>Juncus effusus</i>, to address this challenge. Through controlled axial or radial alignment of carbonized <i>Juncus effusus</i> segments in a paraffin matrix, we demonstrate programmable regulation of dielectric constants and EM energy dissipation pathways. The radially oriented samples exhibit superior reflection loss (−&#xa0;51.3&#xa0;dB at 2.7&#xa0;mm), while axial alignment achieves an ultra-wide effective absorption bandwidth (6.3&#xa0;GHz at 4.0&#xa0;mm). Finite element simulations reveal that radial orientation enhances interfacial polarization and current density (2.04&#xa0;×&#xa0;10<sup>4</sup> A/m<sup>2</sup>), whereas axial alignment promotes multi-reflection loss through longitudinal pore channels. Notably, a non-uniform distribution of carbon pieces induces localized EM resonance, generating step-like dielectric responses and additional loss channels. This work not only provides a structure-oriented design strategy for biomass-derived MAs but also establishes a universal principle for the utilization of natural anisotropic architectures in advanced EM functional materials.</p>

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Orientation-Engineered Biomass Carbon with Coaxial Structure for Tunable Microwave Absorption

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月7日

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  • Wen-Peng Liao,
  • Wen-Wen Wu,
  • Zhuo Wang,
  • Ning Liu,
  • Li-Ling Liu,
  • Xiao-Bin Zhou,
  • Zhen Wang,
  • Xiao-Ming Chen,
  • Peng Liu

摘要

The rational design of anisotropic structures in microwave absorbers (MAs) remains challenging for achieving customized electromagnetic (EM) properties. Here, we report a novel biomass-derived carbon material with intrinsic coaxial cable-like architecture, derived from Juncus effusus, to address this challenge. Through controlled axial or radial alignment of carbonized Juncus effusus segments in a paraffin matrix, we demonstrate programmable regulation of dielectric constants and EM energy dissipation pathways. The radially oriented samples exhibit superior reflection loss (− 51.3 dB at 2.7 mm), while axial alignment achieves an ultra-wide effective absorption bandwidth (6.3 GHz at 4.0 mm). Finite element simulations reveal that radial orientation enhances interfacial polarization and current density (2.04 × 104 A/m2), whereas axial alignment promotes multi-reflection loss through longitudinal pore channels. Notably, a non-uniform distribution of carbon pieces induces localized EM resonance, generating step-like dielectric responses and additional loss channels. This work not only provides a structure-oriented design strategy for biomass-derived MAs but also establishes a universal principle for the utilization of natural anisotropic architectures in advanced EM functional materials.