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<p>The present study deals with synthesis and characterization of CuFeS<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles using hydrothermal and solvothermal methods. Structural, morphological, chemical, optical, and dielectric properties were systematically analyzed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a chalcopyrite tetragonal structure with lattice parameters <i>a</i>&#xa0;=&#xa0;5.29&#xa0;Å and <i>c</i>&#xa0;=&#xa0;10.42&#xa0;Å, along with minor traces of a hexagonal phase. The crystallite size was calculated using Scherrer’s equation, ranged from 16 to 20&#xa0;nm and was further validated by Rietveld refinement. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX) revealed particle sizes between 150 and 300&#xa0;nm and confirmed the presence of Cu, Fe, and S in near-stoichiometric ratios. Optical properties were investigated using UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, with Tauc’s plots indicating band gaps of 1.55&#xa0;eV (hydrothermal) and 1.44&#xa0;eV (solvothermal). FT-IR spectroscopy identified vibrational modes at 1045, 1640, and 3400&#xa0;cm⁻<sup>1</sup>, corresponding to the functional groups present. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed emission peaks in both the UV (253&#xa0;nm) and visible (532&#xa0;nm) regions. Dielectric measurements indicated a frequency-dependent decrease in dielectric constant. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the oxidation states of Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺ and Fe<sup>2</sup>⁺. The photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated using Rhodamine B and Methyl Orange dyes, demonstrating efficient degradation and notable photocatalytic performance.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Structural, Optical, Dielectric, and Photocatalytic Studies of CuFeS2 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Methods

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月17日

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  • M. Bhaskaraiah,
  • Kaleemulla Shaik

摘要

The present study deals with synthesis and characterization of CuFeS2 nanoparticles using hydrothermal and solvothermal methods. Structural, morphological, chemical, optical, and dielectric properties were systematically analyzed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a chalcopyrite tetragonal structure with lattice parameters a = 5.29 Å and c = 10.42 Å, along with minor traces of a hexagonal phase. The crystallite size was calculated using Scherrer’s equation, ranged from 16 to 20 nm and was further validated by Rietveld refinement. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX) revealed particle sizes between 150 and 300 nm and confirmed the presence of Cu, Fe, and S in near-stoichiometric ratios. Optical properties were investigated using UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, with Tauc’s plots indicating band gaps of 1.55 eV (hydrothermal) and 1.44 eV (solvothermal). FT-IR spectroscopy identified vibrational modes at 1045, 1640, and 3400 cm⁻1, corresponding to the functional groups present. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed emission peaks in both the UV (253 nm) and visible (532 nm) regions. Dielectric measurements indicated a frequency-dependent decrease in dielectric constant. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the oxidation states of Cu2⁺ and Fe2⁺. The photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated using Rhodamine B and Methyl Orange dyes, demonstrating efficient degradation and notable photocatalytic performance.

Graphical Abstract