Piezoelectric Properties and Conduction Mechanisms of Lanthanum-Substituted Bismuth Titanate-Ferrite for High-Temperature Applications
摘要
Bismuth titanate-ferrite (Bi5Ti3FeO15) is a promising candidate for high-temperature piezoelectric applications owing to its high Curie temperature TC of 761°C. However, its practical utility is limited by its low piezoelectric response and insufficient electrical resistivity at elevated temperatures. In this study, lanthanum-substituted Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics were synthesized via the conventional solid-state sintering method to address these limitations. The structural, piezoelectric, and electrical properties were investigated in detail. The results demonstrate that lanthanum substitution significantly enhances both piezoelectric and electrical characteristics. A notable piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 24.3 pC/N is achieved, which is over three times that of pristine Bi5Ti3FeO15 (7.1 pC/N), along with a high TC of 753°C and excellent thermal stability of electromechanical coupling factors up to 400°C. Furthermore, alternating-current and direct-current conduction analyses indicate that the improved resistivity stems from a reduced concentration and mobility of oxygen vacancies. The optimized composition exhibits maximum dc resistivity ρdc of 3.62 × 105 Ω cm at 500°C, an order of magnitude higher than that of the unsubstituted counterpart. These enhancements in piezoelectric performance and high-temperature electrical resistivity position lanthanum-substituted Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics as strong candidates for high-temperature piezoelectric sensor applications.