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<p>Tandem solar cells (TSCs) improve the efficiency of single-junction thin-film solar cells. Many tandem designs combine perovskites with materials like copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) or silicon. However, most perovskite solar cells (PSCs) use toxic lead (Pb) cations, but replacing Pb with tin (Sn) or germanium (Ge) leads to environmental friendly and non-toxic solar technology. In this paper, we present a TSC structure consisting of organic and inorganic perovskites, and investigate Pb-free TSCs using CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>GeI<sub>3</sub> (bandgap: 1.9&#xa0;eV) as the top subcell and CsSnGeI<sub>3</sub> (bandgap: 1.5&#xa0;eV) as the bottom subcell. Simulations with SCAPS 1D software show efficiencies of 14.9% for the top cell and 21.5% for the bottom cell, with performance optimized by testing different electron transport layers (ETLs). Key parameters like built-in voltage (V<sub>bi</sub>) and open-circuit voltage (V<sub>OC</sub>) were analyzed. The optimized cells were then integrated into a tandem configuration, tested under AM1.5G and filtered radiation. The final TSC achieved a remarkable efficiency of 29.9%, with a fill factor (FF) of 88.65%, a short-circuit current density (J<sub>SC</sub>) of 14.05&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, and a V<sub>OC</sub> of 2.4&#xa0;V.</p>

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Designing High-Performance Tandem Solar Cells Using Pb-free Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月15日

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  • Heena Devi,
  • Mehak Sharma,
  • Vishal Bharti,
  • Ayush Tara,
  • Susheel Sharma,
  • Rockey Gupta

摘要

Tandem solar cells (TSCs) improve the efficiency of single-junction thin-film solar cells. Many tandem designs combine perovskites with materials like copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) or silicon. However, most perovskite solar cells (PSCs) use toxic lead (Pb) cations, but replacing Pb with tin (Sn) or germanium (Ge) leads to environmental friendly and non-toxic solar technology. In this paper, we present a TSC structure consisting of organic and inorganic perovskites, and investigate Pb-free TSCs using CH3NH3GeI3 (bandgap: 1.9 eV) as the top subcell and CsSnGeI3 (bandgap: 1.5 eV) as the bottom subcell. Simulations with SCAPS 1D software show efficiencies of 14.9% for the top cell and 21.5% for the bottom cell, with performance optimized by testing different electron transport layers (ETLs). Key parameters like built-in voltage (Vbi) and open-circuit voltage (VOC) were analyzed. The optimized cells were then integrated into a tandem configuration, tested under AM1.5G and filtered radiation. The final TSC achieved a remarkable efficiency of 29.9%, with a fill factor (FF) of 88.65%, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 14.05 mA/cm2, and a VOC of 2.4 V.