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<p>The aim of this study is to explore how different chemicals, such as proteins, surfactants, and solvents, can affect the different forms and structures of ZnO particles produced using a simple solvothermal method. By incorporating a range of additives, including hemoglobin, glycine, L-glutamine, polyethylene glycol, and cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), in addition to utilizing solvents like distilled water, ethylene glycol, and chloroform, various ZnO structures were effectively produced. This work marks a significant breakthrough by incorporating proteins as additives in the solvothermal synthesis of hollow micro-urchins of ZnO. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of wurtzite ZnO, with lattice parameters that closely align with the expected theoretical values. Additionally, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showcased a variety of morphologies, ranging from stacked sheets to needle-like structures. It is worth mentioning that there were variations in the sizes of the crystallites, and ZnO-4 (ethylene glycol incorporated) exhibited the smallest average crystallite size of 13.51 ± 2.06&#xa0;nm. The photocatalytic tests revealed almost complete degradation of methylene blue in 24&#xa0;h and 75% for methyl orange in 4&#xa0;h, displaying the promising applications of the hollow ZnO micro-urchins.</p>

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Elucidating the Structural Diversity of ZnO Morphologies via Protein, Surfactant and Solvent-Assisted Solvothermal Production

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月10日

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  • Derya Kapusuz Yavuz,
  • Ilknur Tas Kazak

摘要

The aim of this study is to explore how different chemicals, such as proteins, surfactants, and solvents, can affect the different forms and structures of ZnO particles produced using a simple solvothermal method. By incorporating a range of additives, including hemoglobin, glycine, L-glutamine, polyethylene glycol, and cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), in addition to utilizing solvents like distilled water, ethylene glycol, and chloroform, various ZnO structures were effectively produced. This work marks a significant breakthrough by incorporating proteins as additives in the solvothermal synthesis of hollow micro-urchins of ZnO. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of wurtzite ZnO, with lattice parameters that closely align with the expected theoretical values. Additionally, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showcased a variety of morphologies, ranging from stacked sheets to needle-like structures. It is worth mentioning that there were variations in the sizes of the crystallites, and ZnO-4 (ethylene glycol incorporated) exhibited the smallest average crystallite size of 13.51 ± 2.06 nm. The photocatalytic tests revealed almost complete degradation of methylene blue in 24 h and 75% for methyl orange in 4 h, displaying the promising applications of the hollow ZnO micro-urchins.