<p>CuSn10P1 alloy bushings were fabricated <i>via</i> thixo-extrusion and subsequently subjected to annealing treatment at 550 °C for various durations. The influence of annealing time on the microstructure evolution, recrystallization behavior, and mechanical properties of the alloy was systematically investigated. The results reveal that with increasing annealing time, the grain size exhibits an initial increase followed by a decrease. The recrystallized fraction increases from 21.7 to 30.1 pct and then decreases back to 21.7 pct. The overall grain orientation is random, with a limited number of preferred orientations, including <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\left\langle {0\overline{23} } \right\rangle$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close="〉" open="〈"> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mover> <mn>23</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\left\langle {0\overline{13} } \right\rangle$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close="〉" open="〈"> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mover> <mn>13</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\overline{{\left\langle {223} \right\rangle }}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mover> <mfenced close="〉" open="〈"> <mn>223</mn> </mfenced> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\left\langle {0\overline{12} } \right\rangle$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close="〉" open="〈"> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mover> <mn>12</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, being locally formed. Mechanical property evaluation indicates that the average Brinell hardness increases from 138 to 147 HBW. The tensile strength initially increases from 487 to 559 MPa, followed by a decrease to 529 MPa, while the elongation first rises from 15 to 24.3 pct and then declines to 20.8 pct. Based on a comprehensive analysis of microstructure and properties, the optimal annealing parameters are determined to be 550 °C for 105 minutes. Under this condition, the bushings achieve excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 556 MPa, an elongation of 24.3 pct, and a Brinell hardness of 145 HBW.</p>

Effect of Annealing Time on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Thixo-Extruded CuSn10P1 Alloy Bushings

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发表日期：

2026年7月8日

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Chengxin Li,
Hao Chen,
Yang Tao,
Han Xiao

摘要

CuSn10P1 alloy bushings were fabricated via thixo-extrusion and subsequently subjected to annealing treatment at 550 °C for various durations. The influence of annealing time on the microstructure evolution, recrystallization behavior, and mechanical properties of the alloy was systematically investigated. The results reveal that with increasing annealing time, the grain size exhibits an initial increase followed by a decrease. The recrystallized fraction increases from 21.7 to 30.1 pct and then decreases back to 21.7 pct. The overall grain orientation is random, with a limited number of preferred orientations, including $\left\langle {0\overline{23} } \right\rangle$ $〈0 \bar{23}〉$ , $\left\langle {0\overline{13} } \right\rangle$ $〈0 \bar{13}〉$ , $\overline{{\left\langle {223} \right\rangle }}$ $\bar{〈223〉}$ , and $\left\langle {0\overline{12} } \right\rangle$ $〈0 \bar{12}〉$ , being locally formed. Mechanical property evaluation indicates that the average Brinell hardness increases from 138 to 147 HBW. The tensile strength initially increases from 487 to 559 MPa, followed by a decrease to 529 MPa, while the elongation first rises from 15 to 24.3 pct and then declines to 20.8 pct. Based on a comprehensive analysis of microstructure and properties, the optimal annealing parameters are determined to be 550 °C for 105 minutes. Under this condition, the bushings achieve excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 556 MPa, an elongation of 24.3 pct, and a Brinell hardness of 145 HBW.