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<p>In this study, a three-dimensional model that couples electromagnetic fields, fluid dynamics, heat transfer, and solidification processes is developed to investigate how stirring magnetic fields (SMFs) with different frequencies influence the liquid metal pool behavior during vacuum arc remelting (VAR) of M50 steel. An improved electromagnetic boundary condition is adopted to ensure that the model more accurately reflects the actual remelting conditions. The close agreement between the experimentally measured and numerically predicted molten pool depths demonstrates the reliability of the model. In addition, the predicted mushy zone width and local solidification time (LST) at the center of the metal pool are also presented. The results indicate that the application of a SMF reduces molten pool depth, with the effect becoming more pronounced at lower frequencies. As the frequency increases, the influence gradually weakens, resulting in a deeper molten pool. In contrast, the mushy zone width and local solidification time (LST) at the center of the molten pool exhibit trends opposite to that of metal pool depth. Temperature distributions at three representative locations within the ingot are monitored to elucidate these behaviors, and the associated flow characteristics are analyzed in detail. The mechanisms by which SMFs of different frequencies influence temperature distribution and metal pool profile are further examined from the perspectives of thermal convection and heat conduction. This study provides a theoretical basis for controlling metal pool flow, temperature distribution, and solidification structure during the VAR process through the application of a SMF.</p>

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Numerical Study About the Effect of Stirring Magnetic Fields with Different Frequencies on Liquid Metal Pool Behavior During Vacuum Arc Remelting Process of M50 Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Zhibin Xia,
  • Zhonghao Sun,
  • Haibiao Lu,
  • Wenhao Lin,
  • Zhe Shen,
  • Biao Ding,
  • Peijian Shi,
  • Qiang Li,
  • Tianxiang Zheng,
  • Yunbo Zhong

摘要

In this study, a three-dimensional model that couples electromagnetic fields, fluid dynamics, heat transfer, and solidification processes is developed to investigate how stirring magnetic fields (SMFs) with different frequencies influence the liquid metal pool behavior during vacuum arc remelting (VAR) of M50 steel. An improved electromagnetic boundary condition is adopted to ensure that the model more accurately reflects the actual remelting conditions. The close agreement between the experimentally measured and numerically predicted molten pool depths demonstrates the reliability of the model. In addition, the predicted mushy zone width and local solidification time (LST) at the center of the metal pool are also presented. The results indicate that the application of a SMF reduces molten pool depth, with the effect becoming more pronounced at lower frequencies. As the frequency increases, the influence gradually weakens, resulting in a deeper molten pool. In contrast, the mushy zone width and local solidification time (LST) at the center of the molten pool exhibit trends opposite to that of metal pool depth. Temperature distributions at three representative locations within the ingot are monitored to elucidate these behaviors, and the associated flow characteristics are analyzed in detail. The mechanisms by which SMFs of different frequencies influence temperature distribution and metal pool profile are further examined from the perspectives of thermal convection and heat conduction. This study provides a theoretical basis for controlling metal pool flow, temperature distribution, and solidification structure during the VAR process through the application of a SMF.