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<p>In the rolling of ultra-thick plates, the key challenge lies in achieving homogeneous microstructure and mechanical properties across the thickness, since uneven deformation often leads to insufficient strain and delayed recrystallization in the core. Differential temperature rolling (DTR), which introduces a controlled surface–core temperature gradient, has recently been proposed as an effective strategy to overcome this limitation. Compared with conventional uniform temperature rolling (UTR), DTR promotes deeper deformation penetration and facilitates grain refinement in the central region of the plate. In this study, a thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model was developed for FH420 marine engineering steel, with material parameters calibrated from experimental data. The chemical composition was measured to evaluate thermophysical properties, and true stress–strain curves were obtained through hot tensile tests. Numerical simulations of temperature evolution, stress–strain response, and strain rate behavior under UTR and DTR were performed and validated against industrial rolling experiments. Three cases were analyzed, including two theoretical conditions and one industrial case, and good agreement was achieved between simulated and experimental surface temperatures. The results demonstrate that DTR increases the equivalent strain in the slab core by approximately 3&#xa0;pct compared with UTR, significantly improving deformation penetration and uniformity. A pronounced temperature gradient enhances surface hardening while concentrating strain toward the softer core. The maximum strain consistently appears at about 1/8 of the plate thickness due to the combined effects of surface hardening and stress transmission, and then decreases gradually toward the slab center. This work quantitatively clarifies the mechanisms by which DTR enhances core deformation, highlighting the coupled effects of stress and temperature fields, which was proved by the experimentally measured structure and mechanical properties. The findings provide theoretical and practical guidance for optimizing rolling parameters and confirm DTR as a promising industrial strategy for producing high-performance marine engineering steel plates.</p>

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Modeling on the Deformation Mechanism of Industrial Scale Marine Engineering Steel Under Differential Temperature Rolling Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • Lulu Zhang,
  • Haijie Zhang,
  • Yadong Wang,
  • Zhaoxia Liu,
  • Jun Liu,
  • Lifeng Zhang

摘要

In the rolling of ultra-thick plates, the key challenge lies in achieving homogeneous microstructure and mechanical properties across the thickness, since uneven deformation often leads to insufficient strain and delayed recrystallization in the core. Differential temperature rolling (DTR), which introduces a controlled surface–core temperature gradient, has recently been proposed as an effective strategy to overcome this limitation. Compared with conventional uniform temperature rolling (UTR), DTR promotes deeper deformation penetration and facilitates grain refinement in the central region of the plate. In this study, a thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model was developed for FH420 marine engineering steel, with material parameters calibrated from experimental data. The chemical composition was measured to evaluate thermophysical properties, and true stress–strain curves were obtained through hot tensile tests. Numerical simulations of temperature evolution, stress–strain response, and strain rate behavior under UTR and DTR were performed and validated against industrial rolling experiments. Three cases were analyzed, including two theoretical conditions and one industrial case, and good agreement was achieved between simulated and experimental surface temperatures. The results demonstrate that DTR increases the equivalent strain in the slab core by approximately 3 pct compared with UTR, significantly improving deformation penetration and uniformity. A pronounced temperature gradient enhances surface hardening while concentrating strain toward the softer core. The maximum strain consistently appears at about 1/8 of the plate thickness due to the combined effects of surface hardening and stress transmission, and then decreases gradually toward the slab center. This work quantitatively clarifies the mechanisms by which DTR enhances core deformation, highlighting the coupled effects of stress and temperature fields, which was proved by the experimentally measured structure and mechanical properties. The findings provide theoretical and practical guidance for optimizing rolling parameters and confirm DTR as a promising industrial strategy for producing high-performance marine engineering steel plates.