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<p>Hematite ore pelletization is an energy-intensive process. A small amount of coke breeze is added to the hematite pellet mix to generate <i>in situ</i> heat through carbon burning during the induration process. Depending on the local thermodynamic and kinetic conditions, the carbon combustion mechanism and extent of reduction of hematite by CO can vary. The phases formed during induration of hematite pellets dictate pellet properties. In this study, the coke combustion and any phase change due to reduction and thermal decomposition are investigated up to 1608&#xa0;K for pellets having different coke contents (0–2&#xa0;wt&#xa0;pct) at different heating rates (10, 20, and 30&#xa0;K/min) in an air atmosphere. The investigations are carried out by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and different phase characterization techniques, namely, X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction, and optical microscopy. The kaolinite dehydration, coke combustion, and thermal decomposition of hematite start at approximately 673 ± 2, 843, and 1528 ± 9&#xa0;K, respectively. The average apparent activation energy of kaolinite dehydration, carbon combustion, and hematite decomposition is 212, 66, and 1296&#xa0;kJ/mole, respectively. Under these experimental conditions, a coke addition of ≈ 1.5&#xa0;pct to the pellet at the peak induration temperature of 1608&#xa0;K is found optimum for the induration.</p>

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Investigation of Phase Evolution During Induration of Hematite Pellets with Varying Coke Content

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Raja Ankit Anand,
  • Manish Marotrao Pande,
  • Neelakantan Nurni Viswanathan

摘要

Hematite ore pelletization is an energy-intensive process. A small amount of coke breeze is added to the hematite pellet mix to generate in situ heat through carbon burning during the induration process. Depending on the local thermodynamic and kinetic conditions, the carbon combustion mechanism and extent of reduction of hematite by CO can vary. The phases formed during induration of hematite pellets dictate pellet properties. In this study, the coke combustion and any phase change due to reduction and thermal decomposition are investigated up to 1608 K for pellets having different coke contents (0–2 wt pct) at different heating rates (10, 20, and 30 K/min) in an air atmosphere. The investigations are carried out by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and different phase characterization techniques, namely, X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction, and optical microscopy. The kaolinite dehydration, coke combustion, and thermal decomposition of hematite start at approximately 673 ± 2, 843, and 1528 ± 9 K, respectively. The average apparent activation energy of kaolinite dehydration, carbon combustion, and hematite decomposition is 212, 66, and 1296 kJ/mole, respectively. Under these experimental conditions, a coke addition of ≈ 1.5 pct to the pellet at the peak induration temperature of 1608 K is found optimum for the induration.