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<p>Previous studies on blister copper refining have mainly focused on single-impurity removal, which is ineffective for complex feeds. This study developed a stepwise flux refining process to synergistically remove As, Pb, and Ni from high-impurity blister copper. Experiments were guided by thermodynamic simulations. Initially, adding 1.50 wt pct alkaline flux (CaCO<sub>3</sub>:Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> = 8:2) removed 99.45 pct of As, leaving 0.002 wt pct. Then, 1.20 wt pct SiO<sub>2</sub> was introduced, removing 82.54 pct of Pb but reducing As removal to 65.16 pct. Using 0.80 wt pct SiO<sub>2</sub> improved lead removal to 77.16 pct, with 0.17 wt pct Pb remaining, but Ni removal was only 28.95 pct, and arsenic re-dissolved. Incorporating 2.00 wt pct Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to form a Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub> system increased Ni removal to 82.03 pct. Final removal efficiencies reached 80.26 pct for As, 95.83 pct for Pb, and 82.03 pct for Ni. Impurity contents were reduced to 0.07 wt pct As, 0.03 wt pct Pb, and 0.04 wt pct Ni, meeting electrolytic copper standards. This process efficiently removes impurities stepwise via alkaline flux de-arsenification, acidic flux lead removal, and Fe–Si-assisted nickel extraction. It presents a novel strategy for refining high-impurity blister copper.</p>

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Stepwise Removal Mechanism of Impurity Using Multi-Flux During Blister Copper Pyrometallurgical Refining

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Yukun He,
  • Ba Zhang,
  • Shiwei Zhou,
  • Yonggang Wei,
  • Bo Li,
  • Hua Wang

摘要

Previous studies on blister copper refining have mainly focused on single-impurity removal, which is ineffective for complex feeds. This study developed a stepwise flux refining process to synergistically remove As, Pb, and Ni from high-impurity blister copper. Experiments were guided by thermodynamic simulations. Initially, adding 1.50 wt pct alkaline flux (CaCO3:Na2CO3 = 8:2) removed 99.45 pct of As, leaving 0.002 wt pct. Then, 1.20 wt pct SiO2 was introduced, removing 82.54 pct of Pb but reducing As removal to 65.16 pct. Using 0.80 wt pct SiO2 improved lead removal to 77.16 pct, with 0.17 wt pct Pb remaining, but Ni removal was only 28.95 pct, and arsenic re-dissolved. Incorporating 2.00 wt pct Fe2O3 to form a Fe2O3–SiO2 system increased Ni removal to 82.03 pct. Final removal efficiencies reached 80.26 pct for As, 95.83 pct for Pb, and 82.03 pct for Ni. Impurity contents were reduced to 0.07 wt pct As, 0.03 wt pct Pb, and 0.04 wt pct Ni, meeting electrolytic copper standards. This process efficiently removes impurities stepwise via alkaline flux de-arsenification, acidic flux lead removal, and Fe–Si-assisted nickel extraction. It presents a novel strategy for refining high-impurity blister copper.