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<p>In GH4141 superalloy, Al and Ti are crucial elements for strengthening phase <i>γ</i>′. However, severe Al and Ti burning loss during electroslag remelting using conventional refining slag (ESR2027, CaF<sub>2</sub>:Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:CaO&#xa0;=&#xa0;67:15:18). This study investigates how TiO<sub>2</sub> content and CaO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ratio in CaF<sub>2</sub>-CaO-MgO-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> refining slag affect Al-Ti loss through thermodynamic calculations, kinetic analysis, and slag-metal equilibrium experiments. Results show that increasing TiO<sub>2</sub> content effectively suppresses Ti loss, while a CaO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ratio of 1.2 at fixed 2&#xa0;pct TiO<sub>2</sub> minimizes both Al and Ti loss. The ion-molecule coexistence theory (IMCT) reveals the activity ratio lg(<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11663_2025_3728_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="86" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a_{{{\text{TiO}}_{{2}} }}^{3} /a_{{{\text{Al}}_{{2}} {\text{O}}_{3} }}^{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>TiO</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msubsup> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>Al</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mtext>O</mtext> <mn>3</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) dependence on slag composition, with influencing order: TiO<sub>2</sub>&#xa0;&gt;&#xa0;CaO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>&#xa0;&gt;&#xa0;CaO&#xa0;&gt;&#xa0;Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>&#xa0;&gt;&#xa0;MgO&#xa0;&gt;&#xa0;CaF<sub>2</sub>. A slag-metal reaction kinetic model was established based on the two-film theory and fundamental kinetic equations. The model’s predictions showed good agreement with experimental results, confirming its validity.</p>

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Thermodynamic and Kinetic Investigation into the Effects of TiO2 and CaO/Al2O3 in Refining Slag on Al-Ti Contents of GH4141 Superalloy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月18日

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  • Jing-Bao Gao,
  • Hong-Chun Zhu,
  • Hua-Bing Li,
  • Zhuo-Wen Ni,
  • Zhi-Yu He,
  • Zhou-Hua Jiang,
  • Shu-Cai Zhang,
  • Hao Feng,
  • Lang Shui

摘要

In GH4141 superalloy, Al and Ti are crucial elements for strengthening phase γ′. However, severe Al and Ti burning loss during electroslag remelting using conventional refining slag (ESR2027, CaF2:Al2O3:CaO = 67:15:18). This study investigates how TiO2 content and CaO/Al2O3 ratio in CaF2-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-TiO2 refining slag affect Al-Ti loss through thermodynamic calculations, kinetic analysis, and slag-metal equilibrium experiments. Results show that increasing TiO2 content effectively suppresses Ti loss, while a CaO/Al2O3 ratio of 1.2 at fixed 2 pct TiO2 minimizes both Al and Ti loss. The ion-molecule coexistence theory (IMCT) reveals the activity ratio lg( \(a_{{{\text{TiO}}_{{2}} }}^{3} /a_{{{\text{Al}}_{{2}} {\text{O}}_{3} }}^{2}\) a TiO 2 3 / a Al 2 O 3 2 ) dependence on slag composition, with influencing order: TiO2 > CaO/Al2O3 > CaO > Al2O3 > MgO > CaF2. A slag-metal reaction kinetic model was established based on the two-film theory and fundamental kinetic equations. The model’s predictions showed good agreement with experimental results, confirming its validity.