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<p>In previous studies, there was a limited comprehension of the interactions and synergistic migration behaviors among K, Na, and F, which substantially affect the softening–melting properties of iron ores containing these elements. To bridge this knowledge gap, our research calculated the thermodynamically stable temperature ranges for compounds of K, Na, and F, observed the distribution of these elements at specific temperatures to elucidate their interactions, and investigated the underlying mechanisms governing their microscopic synergistic migration behaviors. The results indicated that K<sub>2</sub>O and Na<sub>2</sub>O were reduced to produce alkali metal vapor at 1100&#xa0;K and 1300&#xa0;K, respectively, which interacted with CaF<sub>2</sub> to form alkali metal fluorides. Na<sup>+</sup>, with a lower standard electrode potential, migrated alongside F<sup>−</sup> towards metallic iron through a dual electrode reaction. K was predominantly found within the wüstite and slag phases, with a gradual transition into the gas phase beyond 1400&#xa0;K. As the temperature increased to 1713&#xa0;K, FeF<sub>2</sub> begun to gasify, leading to the evaporation of F from metallic iron into the gas phase or its absorption by the slag. Consequently, F was excluded from the pig iron produced in the blast furnace process. This study provides a deeper understanding of the interactions and microscopic synergistic migration behaviors of K, Na, and F, offering a theoretical foundation for the smelting of special ores containing these elements.</p>

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Exploring the Thermodynamic Nexus: The Interaction and Synergistic Migration of K, Na, and F During Iron Ore Smelting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月29日

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  • Yongqiang Jiang,
  • Hongman He,
  • Tingle Li,
  • Qi Wang,
  • Songtao Yang,
  • Junchen Huang,
  • Zhexi Li,
  • Mingxin Wu

摘要

In previous studies, there was a limited comprehension of the interactions and synergistic migration behaviors among K, Na, and F, which substantially affect the softening–melting properties of iron ores containing these elements. To bridge this knowledge gap, our research calculated the thermodynamically stable temperature ranges for compounds of K, Na, and F, observed the distribution of these elements at specific temperatures to elucidate their interactions, and investigated the underlying mechanisms governing their microscopic synergistic migration behaviors. The results indicated that K2O and Na2O were reduced to produce alkali metal vapor at 1100 K and 1300 K, respectively, which interacted with CaF2 to form alkali metal fluorides. Na+, with a lower standard electrode potential, migrated alongside F− towards metallic iron through a dual electrode reaction. K was predominantly found within the wüstite and slag phases, with a gradual transition into the gas phase beyond 1400 K. As the temperature increased to 1713 K, FeF2 begun to gasify, leading to the evaporation of F from metallic iron into the gas phase or its absorption by the slag. Consequently, F was excluded from the pig iron produced in the blast furnace process. This study provides a deeper understanding of the interactions and microscopic synergistic migration behaviors of K, Na, and F, offering a theoretical foundation for the smelting of special ores containing these elements.