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<p>This study investigates the effects of pre-quenching treatment prior to quenching and partitioning (P-Q&amp;P) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe–0.23C–2.12Mn–1.63Si steel. Increasing the pre-quenching temperature transforms the microstructure from heterogeneous martensite/ferrite with coarse M<sub>2</sub>/A islands under conventional Q&amp;P treatment to a composite structure with near-equiaxed martensite/ferrite and refined lath-like M<sub>2</sub>/A islands under P-Q&amp;P treatment. Excessively high pre-quenching temperatures, however, induce M<sub>2</sub>/A island coarsening and excessive carbide precipitation, reducing deformation compatibility and elongation. The sample pre-quenched at 790&#xa0;°C exhibits the optimal strength–ductility synergy, with a tensile strength of 978&#xa0;MPa, a yield strength of 519&#xa0;MPa, a total elongation of 26.2 pct, and a strength-elongation product of 25.6&#xa0;images of PQ specimensGPa pct. This performance is attributed to enhanced deformation compatibility from microstructural refinement, optimized crystallographic orientation, and weak texture. Strength is improved by refined martensitic laths and stabilized retained austenite, while ductility and strain hardening are promoted by uniform Schmid factor distribution and coordinated activation of multiple BCC slip systems ({110} 〈111〉, {112} 〈111〉, {123}  〈111〉), suppressing slip localization and enabling homogeneous plastic deformation. This study clarifies the role of pre-quenching-controlled initial microstructures in deformation mechanisms and strength–ductility balance of Q&amp;P steels.</p>

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Synergistic Enhancement of Strength and Ductility in Fe–0.23C–2.12Mn–1.63Si Steel via Pre-Quenching Prior to Quenching and Partitioning Treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Shulei Sun,
  • Depeng Shen,
  • Fangxing Wu,
  • Jiguang Han,
  • Stefania Bruschi,
  • Bingtao Tang

摘要

This study investigates the effects of pre-quenching treatment prior to quenching and partitioning (P-Q&P) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe–0.23C–2.12Mn–1.63Si steel. Increasing the pre-quenching temperature transforms the microstructure from heterogeneous martensite/ferrite with coarse M2/A islands under conventional Q&P treatment to a composite structure with near-equiaxed martensite/ferrite and refined lath-like M2/A islands under P-Q&P treatment. Excessively high pre-quenching temperatures, however, induce M2/A island coarsening and excessive carbide precipitation, reducing deformation compatibility and elongation. The sample pre-quenched at 790 °C exhibits the optimal strength–ductility synergy, with a tensile strength of 978 MPa, a yield strength of 519 MPa, a total elongation of 26.2 pct, and a strength-elongation product of 25.6 images of PQ specimensGPa pct. This performance is attributed to enhanced deformation compatibility from microstructural refinement, optimized crystallographic orientation, and weak texture. Strength is improved by refined martensitic laths and stabilized retained austenite, while ductility and strain hardening are promoted by uniform Schmid factor distribution and coordinated activation of multiple BCC slip systems ({110} 〈111〉, {112} 〈111〉, {123}  〈111〉), suppressing slip localization and enabling homogeneous plastic deformation. This study clarifies the role of pre-quenching-controlled initial microstructures in deformation mechanisms and strength–ductility balance of Q&P steels.