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<p>Liquid aluminum plays a significant role in numerous industrial processes that involve direct interaction with steel substrates, including the production of Al–steel composite materials, lightweight automotive components, applications in the construction and shipbuilding sectors, as well as various metallurgical joining methods. In these applications, the wetting behavior of aluminum strongly influences interfacial bond formation and the overall quality of the resulting material, making its understanding essential for process optimization. This study presents a comparative assessment of the wettability of aluminum on highly deformed S355J2N steel produced through collision during explosive welding. Independent sessile drop experiments were conducted at three different temperatures (800&#xa0;°C, 900&#xa0;°C, and 1000&#xa0;°C). Calculated contact angle values and wetting kinetics curves demonstrated good spreading and wetting behavior as has been also confirmed by our atomistic simulations. After each wetting test, the cross-sectioned sample was analyzed at the aluminum A1050/S355J2N steel interface using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, to assess the interfacial reactivity of the system. Intermetallic phases such as <i>θ</i>-Al<sub>13</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub>, <i>η</i>-Al<sub>5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>, AlFe, were formed due to Al–steel interaction where two latter were also observed at atomic scale. These intermetallic phases may affect the mechanical integrity of the Al/steel interface, which is critical for industrial applications.</p>

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Experimental and Simulation Insights of the Wettability and Interaction of Liquid Aluminum on High-Strength Structural Steel at Various Temperature Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • Monika Bugajska,
  • Fabrizio Valenza,
  • Agnieszka Bigos,
  • Marta Janusz-Skuza,
  • Magdalena Bieda,
  • Marcela E. Trybula,
  • Sofia Gambaro,
  • Izabella Kwiecien,
  • Joanna Wojewoda-Budka

摘要

Liquid aluminum plays a significant role in numerous industrial processes that involve direct interaction with steel substrates, including the production of Al–steel composite materials, lightweight automotive components, applications in the construction and shipbuilding sectors, as well as various metallurgical joining methods. In these applications, the wetting behavior of aluminum strongly influences interfacial bond formation and the overall quality of the resulting material, making its understanding essential for process optimization. This study presents a comparative assessment of the wettability of aluminum on highly deformed S355J2N steel produced through collision during explosive welding. Independent sessile drop experiments were conducted at three different temperatures (800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C). Calculated contact angle values and wetting kinetics curves demonstrated good spreading and wetting behavior as has been also confirmed by our atomistic simulations. After each wetting test, the cross-sectioned sample was analyzed at the aluminum A1050/S355J2N steel interface using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, to assess the interfacial reactivity of the system. Intermetallic phases such as θ-Al13Fe4, η-Al5Fe2, AlFe, were formed due to Al–steel interaction where two latter were also observed at atomic scale. These intermetallic phases may affect the mechanical integrity of the Al/steel interface, which is critical for industrial applications.