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<p>Al–Mg alloys are becoming major industrial materials that are particularly suitable for applications requiring protection against electromagnetic radiation. This study investigates morphology and kinetic of the intermetallic phases growth in multilayer system produced <i>via</i> single-shot explosive welding, focusing on eleven-layer composite comprising sheets of AZ31 magnesium and AA1050 aluminium alloys. The microstructure and chemical-composition at the bonding interfaces of the composites were characterised in both the as-welded and post-heat-treated states using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties of the interfacial layers were evaluated using microhardness measurements and shear testing. All interfaces exhibited localised melting followed by rapid solidification during explosive welding. This resulted in the formation of non-equilibrium phases comprising amorphous and/or ultrafine-grained structures, alongside two equilibrium phases: <i>γ</i>-Mg<sub>17</sub>Al<sub>12</sub> and <i>β-</i>Mg<sub>28</sub>Al<sub>45</sub>. Short-duration annealing (&lt;&#xa0;1&#xa0;hour) at 673&#xa0;K promoted significant growth of the <i>γ</i> and <i>β</i> phases near all interfaces and induced the transformation of the pre-existing non-equilibrium phases within the reaction regions into the <i>β</i> phase. Prolonged annealing (≥&#xa0;500&#xa0;hours) induced the formation of layers of an intermediate <i>ε-</i>Mg<sub>22</sub>Al<sub>20</sub> phase between layers of the <i>β</i> and <i>γ</i> phases. Complete interdiffusion between the AA1050 and AZ31 layers, leading to the formation of a <i>γ/ε/β</i>-phase multilayered structure, required annealing times exceeding 10<sup>3</sup>&#xa0;hours. Although all three intermetallic phases were significantly harder than the base alloys, structural discontinuities within the <i>β</i> phase markedly reduced interfacial strength. To mitigate this effect, annealing should be carried out under moderate compressive stress in a closed-die configuration, with tightly controlled heating and cooling rates.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Phase Constitution Near the Interfaces of Multilayer AA1050/AZ31 Composite During Explosive Welding and Post-processing Annealing

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • S. Puchlerska,
  • H. Paul,
  • T. Tokarski,
  • M. Prażmowski,
  • S. M. Fatemi,
  • R. Chulist,
  • P. Petrzak

摘要

Al–Mg alloys are becoming major industrial materials that are particularly suitable for applications requiring protection against electromagnetic radiation. This study investigates morphology and kinetic of the intermetallic phases growth in multilayer system produced via single-shot explosive welding, focusing on eleven-layer composite comprising sheets of AZ31 magnesium and AA1050 aluminium alloys. The microstructure and chemical-composition at the bonding interfaces of the composites were characterised in both the as-welded and post-heat-treated states using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties of the interfacial layers were evaluated using microhardness measurements and shear testing. All interfaces exhibited localised melting followed by rapid solidification during explosive welding. This resulted in the formation of non-equilibrium phases comprising amorphous and/or ultrafine-grained structures, alongside two equilibrium phases: γ-Mg17Al12 and β-Mg28Al45. Short-duration annealing (< 1 hour) at 673 K promoted significant growth of the γ and β phases near all interfaces and induced the transformation of the pre-existing non-equilibrium phases within the reaction regions into the β phase. Prolonged annealing (≥ 500 hours) induced the formation of layers of an intermediate ε-Mg22Al20 phase between layers of the β and γ phases. Complete interdiffusion between the AA1050 and AZ31 layers, leading to the formation of a γ/ε/β-phase multilayered structure, required annealing times exceeding 103 hours. Although all three intermetallic phases were significantly harder than the base alloys, structural discontinuities within the β phase markedly reduced interfacial strength. To mitigate this effect, annealing should be carried out under moderate compressive stress in a closed-die configuration, with tightly controlled heating and cooling rates.

Graphical Abstract