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<p>Immune evasion is a&#xa0;key mechanism in the development and progression of cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) exploit this mechanism and reactivate the T‑cell-based antitumor immune response. The introduction of ICI into clinical practice has fundamentally improved the treatment of patients with cancer and has positively impacted patient survival. Although ICI are generally well tolerated compared to classic cytotoxic therapeutics, treatment is often associated with immune-related adverse events (irAE) due to the intended stimulation of the immune system. IrAE can affect any organ and generally respond well to therapy if treatment is initiated early. However, particularly cardiac and neurological irAE can be fatal. Here, we provide a&#xa0;general overview of irAE and then focus on the most common gastrointestinal irAE, immune-mediated colitis and immune-mediated hepatitis. Due to the increasing use of ICIs, a&#xa0;more frequent occurrence of irAE is to be expected in the coming years, so it is particularly important to draw attention to these.</p>

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Erkennen und Behandeln von Nebenwirkungen der Immuntherapie

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • C. Leyh,
  • C. Roderburg,
  • T. Lüdde

摘要

Immune evasion is a key mechanism in the development and progression of cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) exploit this mechanism and reactivate the T‑cell-based antitumor immune response. The introduction of ICI into clinical practice has fundamentally improved the treatment of patients with cancer and has positively impacted patient survival. Although ICI are generally well tolerated compared to classic cytotoxic therapeutics, treatment is often associated with immune-related adverse events (irAE) due to the intended stimulation of the immune system. IrAE can affect any organ and generally respond well to therapy if treatment is initiated early. However, particularly cardiac and neurological irAE can be fatal. Here, we provide a general overview of irAE and then focus on the most common gastrointestinal irAE, immune-mediated colitis and immune-mediated hepatitis. Due to the increasing use of ICIs, a more frequent occurrence of irAE is to be expected in the coming years, so it is particularly important to draw attention to these.