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<p>The Dongxi-Nanguanling gold deposit, at the southeastern margin of the Xiaotian-Mozitan volcanic basin (XMVB), is the largest gold deposit in the eastern Beihuaiyang tectonic belt. The XMVB hosts multiple low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposits, but recent resource depletion underscores the need for new exploration indicators. Based on detailed geological observations, as well as mineralogical and geochemical analyses of hydrothermal chlorite and pyrite, we show that sericitization and carbonatization are the main hydrothermal alteration types, with alteration intensity positively correlated with ore grade. Chlorite occurs as Mg-rich varieties in andesitic host rocks and Fe-rich varieties in andesitic lithic tuffs, with Fe/Mg ratios mainly reflecting precursor rock composition. The spatial variations in Ga within Fe-rich chlorite may serve as a useful indicator for identifying mineralization centers. Chlorite geothermometry yields a formed temperature range of 227–252&#xa0;°C, consistent with the variation of chlorite and pyrite geochemical features, confirming a low-temperature hydrothermal fluid system. Pyrite in ore zones shows high As and Sb contents, variable Co/Ni ratios, and H–O isotope compositions of the ore-forming fluids suggesting contributions from both magmatic-hydrothermal and sediment-derived fluids. The involvement of sediment-derived fluids in the hydrothermal system likely buffered redox state and temperature, contributing to more efficient gold deposition. Overall, the mineralogy and geochemistry of chlorite and pyrite provide robust constraints on mineralization conditions and can serve as reliable indicators for future gold exploration in the XMVB.</p>

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Geochemical characteristics and prospecting significance of chlorite and pyrite in Dongxi-Nanguanling gold deposit, Xiaotian-Mozitan volcanic basin, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月7日

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  • Haojie Xie,
  • Shiwei Wang,
  • Xiaohong Xie,
  • Taofa Zhou,
  • Yu Fan,
  • Tao Gao,
  • Qiu Wan,
  • Ke Shi,
  • Ziteng Li,
  • Zhen Zhang,
  • Lejun Zhang

摘要

The Dongxi-Nanguanling gold deposit, at the southeastern margin of the Xiaotian-Mozitan volcanic basin (XMVB), is the largest gold deposit in the eastern Beihuaiyang tectonic belt. The XMVB hosts multiple low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposits, but recent resource depletion underscores the need for new exploration indicators. Based on detailed geological observations, as well as mineralogical and geochemical analyses of hydrothermal chlorite and pyrite, we show that sericitization and carbonatization are the main hydrothermal alteration types, with alteration intensity positively correlated with ore grade. Chlorite occurs as Mg-rich varieties in andesitic host rocks and Fe-rich varieties in andesitic lithic tuffs, with Fe/Mg ratios mainly reflecting precursor rock composition. The spatial variations in Ga within Fe-rich chlorite may serve as a useful indicator for identifying mineralization centers. Chlorite geothermometry yields a formed temperature range of 227–252 °C, consistent with the variation of chlorite and pyrite geochemical features, confirming a low-temperature hydrothermal fluid system. Pyrite in ore zones shows high As and Sb contents, variable Co/Ni ratios, and H–O isotope compositions of the ore-forming fluids suggesting contributions from both magmatic-hydrothermal and sediment-derived fluids. The involvement of sediment-derived fluids in the hydrothermal system likely buffered redox state and temperature, contributing to more efficient gold deposition. Overall, the mineralogy and geochemistry of chlorite and pyrite provide robust constraints on mineralization conditions and can serve as reliable indicators for future gold exploration in the XMVB.