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<p>The higher heat exchange energy consumption is caused by the higher steam extraction parameters in nuclear heat and power generation units, while the underutilized internal thermal inertia limits its peak load flexibility. An integrated smart energy system was introduced in this study for the retrofitting of heating and flexibility enhancement of an advanced passive pressurized water reactor nuclear combined heat and power (CHP) units. The study focuses on the thermodynamic modeling of nuclear heating units, while the electrical modeling of the smart energy system was equivalently represented as a battery heat source periodically charging a hot water tank. A dynamic mathematical model of the thermal network heat exchanger was established, and a simulation model of the nuclear combined heat and power unit was constructed using Dymola software. Indices based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics were established to evaluate heat exchange energy consumption. The dynamic characteristics of internal energy efficiency for temporal and spatial infinitesimal elements in the district heating heat exchanger were identified. The results demonstrate that after retrofitting, the secondary heat exchange temperature difference decreased by 8.72% and energy consumption indicators reduced by 43.6%. Reducing thermal inertia parameters enhances unit flexibility but increases curve fluctuation. Increasing return water temperature and load variation amplitude both contribute to energy efficiency. The optimal energy-saving effect was achieved under conditions of small load variation rates and amplitudes during heating retrofit, while selecting low-thermal-inertia operation modes improved dynamic response characteristics, thereby balancing operational flexibility and efficiency of nuclear combined heat and power units.</p>

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Analysis and Optimization of Energy Consumption Characteristics for Heating by Nuclear Power Plants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月14日

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  • Yuanhao Li,
  • Shijun Qi,
  • Tianfei Li,
  • Jinsheng Zhu,
  • Jianyun Ye,
  • Huimin Wei,
  • Xiaoze Du

摘要

The higher heat exchange energy consumption is caused by the higher steam extraction parameters in nuclear heat and power generation units, while the underutilized internal thermal inertia limits its peak load flexibility. An integrated smart energy system was introduced in this study for the retrofitting of heating and flexibility enhancement of an advanced passive pressurized water reactor nuclear combined heat and power (CHP) units. The study focuses on the thermodynamic modeling of nuclear heating units, while the electrical modeling of the smart energy system was equivalently represented as a battery heat source periodically charging a hot water tank. A dynamic mathematical model of the thermal network heat exchanger was established, and a simulation model of the nuclear combined heat and power unit was constructed using Dymola software. Indices based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics were established to evaluate heat exchange energy consumption. The dynamic characteristics of internal energy efficiency for temporal and spatial infinitesimal elements in the district heating heat exchanger were identified. The results demonstrate that after retrofitting, the secondary heat exchange temperature difference decreased by 8.72% and energy consumption indicators reduced by 43.6%. Reducing thermal inertia parameters enhances unit flexibility but increases curve fluctuation. Increasing return water temperature and load variation amplitude both contribute to energy efficiency. The optimal energy-saving effect was achieved under conditions of small load variation rates and amplitudes during heating retrofit, while selecting low-thermal-inertia operation modes improved dynamic response characteristics, thereby balancing operational flexibility and efficiency of nuclear combined heat and power units.