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<p><i>Tribulus rajasthanensis</i> Bhandari and Sharma is a narrowly distributed medicinal species classified as critically endangered and restricted to the arid regions of western India, yet its propagation and phytochemical attributes remain poorly characterized. This investigation was the first to demonstrate a robust <i>in vitro</i> propagation approach for this threatened species and complements it with comprehensive GC–MS-based phytochemical profiling of leaf and fruit extracts. An integrated experimental design was employed involving aseptic culture of nodal explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with optimized concentrations of cytokinins and auxins for shoot induction, multiplication, and rooting, followed by acclimatization of regenerated plantlets and solvent extraction of leaf and fruit tissues for GC–MS–based phytochemical characterization. Nodal explants cultured on MS medium fortified with 4.0&#xa0;µM BAP exhibited the highest bud activation (96.29 ± 6.42%), while optimal shoot multiplication (15.30 ± 0.82 shoots per clump) was achieved using 6.0&#xa0;µM BAP in combination with 0.571&#xa0;µM IAA. Culture vessel size significantly influenced morphogenic response, with 250&#xa0;mL flasks supporting superior proliferation. Efficient <i>in vitro</i> rooting (91.10 ± 4.97%) was obtained using half-strength MS medium supplemented with 4.0&#xa0;µM IBA, followed by successful hardening of the regenerated plantlets, achieving a 75% survival rate under greenhouse conditions. GC–MS analysis revealed extensive phytochemical diversity, with 86 compounds identified in leaves and 87 in fruits, including sterols, fatty acids, diterpenoids, phenolics, and methylated sugars known for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective activities. This integrated micropropagation and metabolite-profiling framework provided a foundation for the conservation, sustainable utilization, and future pharmacological exploration of <i>T. rajasthanensis</i>.</p>

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Efficient in vitro regeneration and GC–MS–based phytochemical profiling of Tribulus rajasthanensis Bhandari & Sharma: a step towards conservation of a desert medicinal plant

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Ayesha Masih,
  • Vinod Kataria

摘要

Tribulus rajasthanensis Bhandari and Sharma is a narrowly distributed medicinal species classified as critically endangered and restricted to the arid regions of western India, yet its propagation and phytochemical attributes remain poorly characterized. This investigation was the first to demonstrate a robust in vitro propagation approach for this threatened species and complements it with comprehensive GC–MS-based phytochemical profiling of leaf and fruit extracts. An integrated experimental design was employed involving aseptic culture of nodal explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with optimized concentrations of cytokinins and auxins for shoot induction, multiplication, and rooting, followed by acclimatization of regenerated plantlets and solvent extraction of leaf and fruit tissues for GC–MS–based phytochemical characterization. Nodal explants cultured on MS medium fortified with 4.0 µM BAP exhibited the highest bud activation (96.29 ± 6.42%), while optimal shoot multiplication (15.30 ± 0.82 shoots per clump) was achieved using 6.0 µM BAP in combination with 0.571 µM IAA. Culture vessel size significantly influenced morphogenic response, with 250 mL flasks supporting superior proliferation. Efficient in vitro rooting (91.10 ± 4.97%) was obtained using half-strength MS medium supplemented with 4.0 µM IBA, followed by successful hardening of the regenerated plantlets, achieving a 75% survival rate under greenhouse conditions. GC–MS analysis revealed extensive phytochemical diversity, with 86 compounds identified in leaves and 87 in fruits, including sterols, fatty acids, diterpenoids, phenolics, and methylated sugars known for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective activities. This integrated micropropagation and metabolite-profiling framework provided a foundation for the conservation, sustainable utilization, and future pharmacological exploration of T. rajasthanensis.