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<p><i>Annona deceptrix</i> (Westra) H. Rainer, an endemic and threatened tree species from the Ecuadorian coast, represents a potential source of bioactive secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties. This study reports the first integrated protocol for explant disinfection, plant growth regulator–mediated callus induction, phytochemical characterization, and antioxidant evaluation of <i>in vitro-</i>derived callus cultures. Leaf explants disinfected with 2.0% sodium hypochlorite for 10&#xa0;min showed reduced microbial contamination and tissue browning. Leaf explants from seedlings and trees were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium and Woody Plant Medium supplemented with auxins and cytokinins. Woody Plant Medium supplemented with 2.0&#xa0;mg L⁻<sup>1</sup> picloram yielded callus with the most favorable growth and morphology. Callus cultures retained a broad range of secondary metabolites previously reported in seeds and leaves. The total phenolic content reached 10.26 ± 0.72&#xa0;mg GAE g⁻<sup>1</sup> DW. The antioxidant activity, as assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, was 176.91 ± 58.93 and 162.30 ± 27.40&#xa0;μmol TE g⁻<sup>1</sup> DW, respectively. Although the antioxidant activities were strongly positively correlated, both were negatively correlated with total phenolic content, indicating that nonphenolic compounds substantially contribute to the antioxidant capacity. FTIR analysis further supported the presence of terpenoid-related functional groups, and GC–MS profiling revealed a phytochemical composition dominated by lipophilic metabolites, particularly phytosterols (γ-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol) and fatty acids such as palmitic and linoleic acids. These findings demonstrate that <i>A. deceptrix</i> callus cultures retain biosynthetic competence for antioxidant-related secondary metabolites and constitute a promising <i>in vitro</i> platform for future biotechnological and conservation applications.</p>

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In vitro callus cultures of the threatened endemic species Annona deceptrix (Westra) H. Rainer: phytochemical profiling and antioxidant activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Miryan Pinoargote-Chang,
  • Luis Alberto Saltos-Rezabala,
  • Kelvin Adrián Sanoja-Lopez,
  • Carlos Felipe Barrera-Sánchez,
  • Juan Pablo Arias-Echeverri

摘要

Annona deceptrix (Westra) H. Rainer, an endemic and threatened tree species from the Ecuadorian coast, represents a potential source of bioactive secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties. This study reports the first integrated protocol for explant disinfection, plant growth regulator–mediated callus induction, phytochemical characterization, and antioxidant evaluation of in vitro-derived callus cultures. Leaf explants disinfected with 2.0% sodium hypochlorite for 10 min showed reduced microbial contamination and tissue browning. Leaf explants from seedlings and trees were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium and Woody Plant Medium supplemented with auxins and cytokinins. Woody Plant Medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L⁻1 picloram yielded callus with the most favorable growth and morphology. Callus cultures retained a broad range of secondary metabolites previously reported in seeds and leaves. The total phenolic content reached 10.26 ± 0.72 mg GAE g⁻1 DW. The antioxidant activity, as assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, was 176.91 ± 58.93 and 162.30 ± 27.40 μmol TE g⁻1 DW, respectively. Although the antioxidant activities were strongly positively correlated, both were negatively correlated with total phenolic content, indicating that nonphenolic compounds substantially contribute to the antioxidant capacity. FTIR analysis further supported the presence of terpenoid-related functional groups, and GC–MS profiling revealed a phytochemical composition dominated by lipophilic metabolites, particularly phytosterols (γ-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol) and fatty acids such as palmitic and linoleic acids. These findings demonstrate that A. deceptrix callus cultures retain biosynthetic competence for antioxidant-related secondary metabolites and constitute a promising in vitro platform for future biotechnological and conservation applications.