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<p><i>Canna</i> is a rhizomatous perennial flowering plant of the <i>Canna</i> genus in the Cannaceae family. It has ornamental values and is also important in ecological restoration functions. During cultivation, the common propagation method is division; however, this propagation method can easily lead to the accumulation of viruses. Plant tissue culture, especially the somatic embryogenesis (SE) pathway, can effectively solve this problem. Auxins play an important role in initiating embryogenic callus induction and transforming into globular-stage embryo, and the auxin response factor (ARF) is an important component of auxin signal transduction. In this study, 24 <i>ARF</i> genes were identified in the whole genome of <i>Canna indica</i>, which were classified into three subfamilies and distributed on 8 chromosomes, all of which had conserved structural characteristics. During the early induction of callus in <i>Canna generalis</i>, the endogenous IAA content in embryogenic callus tissue was higher than that in non-embryogenic callus tissue. With the exception of <i>ARF15/17/18</i>, the relative expression levels of all other <i>ARF</i> genes exhibited positive correlations with endogenous IAA content during the callus stage. During the development of somatic embryos, the endogenous IAA content gradually decreases and is significantly positively correlated with the <i>ARF14</i> expression levels, suggesting that <i>ARF14</i> may respond to auxin regulation during somatic embryogenesis. These results can provide a theoretical basis for further study of the evolutionary relationship of the <i>ARF</i> gene in <i>Canna</i> and also provide a valuable reference for optimizing the regeneration system of <i>Canna</i> through the functional characterization of <i>ARF</i> genes in somatic embryogenesis.</p>

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Genome-wide identification of the ARF gene family and its expression in somatic embryogenesis of Canna generalis L.H. Bailey

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Guofang Wang,
  • Jianchao Wan,
  • Zeyang Song,
  • Jiyuan Wei,
  • Wen’e Zhang

摘要

Canna is a rhizomatous perennial flowering plant of the Canna genus in the Cannaceae family. It has ornamental values and is also important in ecological restoration functions. During cultivation, the common propagation method is division; however, this propagation method can easily lead to the accumulation of viruses. Plant tissue culture, especially the somatic embryogenesis (SE) pathway, can effectively solve this problem. Auxins play an important role in initiating embryogenic callus induction and transforming into globular-stage embryo, and the auxin response factor (ARF) is an important component of auxin signal transduction. In this study, 24 ARF genes were identified in the whole genome of Canna indica, which were classified into three subfamilies and distributed on 8 chromosomes, all of which had conserved structural characteristics. During the early induction of callus in Canna generalis, the endogenous IAA content in embryogenic callus tissue was higher than that in non-embryogenic callus tissue. With the exception of ARF15/17/18, the relative expression levels of all other ARF genes exhibited positive correlations with endogenous IAA content during the callus stage. During the development of somatic embryos, the endogenous IAA content gradually decreases and is significantly positively correlated with the ARF14 expression levels, suggesting that ARF14 may respond to auxin regulation during somatic embryogenesis. These results can provide a theoretical basis for further study of the evolutionary relationship of the ARF gene in Canna and also provide a valuable reference for optimizing the regeneration system of Canna through the functional characterization of ARF genes in somatic embryogenesis.