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<p>Graphene oxide (GO) is a versatile graphene derivative with excellent physicochemical properties and is extensively utilized across diverse fields. In this study, we explored the effect of GO on the regeneration and elongation of adventitious roots (AR) in apple rootstock M9-T337. The results showed that GO within the 0.1–1.0&#xa0;mg/L concentration range promoted AR formation but inhibited root elongation. GO combined with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) increased the rooting rate and the number of lateral roots of apple rootstock. The application of GO in conjunction with IBA treatments significantly enhanced the rooting rate and promoted the development of lateral roots in apple rootstock. Compared with the IBA treatment, the IBA + GO treatment resulted in a higher production of ethylene and enhanced the expression of ethylene synthesis genes <i>MdACO1</i> and <i>MdACS2</i>, as well as the ethylene signal transduction gene <i>MdEIN3</i>. Both the IBA + GO treatment and the IBA + GO + silver nitrate (AgNO3) treatment significantly enhanced the capacity of root triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction. The IBA + GO treatment exhibited a significantly lower level of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> compared to the other treatments, while exhibiting elevated levels of O<sub>2</sub><sup>•–</sup> relative to other treatments. GO alters the expression of auxin transport genes. The IBA + GO treatment significantly increased the expression of the AR regeneration genes <i>MdLBD29</i> and <i>MdWOX11</i>, as well as the cell cycle genes <i>CYCD3;1</i> and <i>CYCD3;2</i>. These results indicate that GO and its interaction with auxin regulate AR formation and development in apple rootstock.</p>

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Synergistic effects of graphene oxide and auxin on adventitious root formation and development in apple rootstock

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月20日

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  • Yuyao Wei,
  • Zhidan Dong,
  • Wenlong Zhu,
  • Jian Jiao,
  • Miaomiao Wang,
  • Kunxi Zhang,
  • Pengbo Hao,
  • Yujie Zhao,
  • Chunhui Song,
  • Xianbo Zheng,
  • Tuanhui Bai

摘要

Graphene oxide (GO) is a versatile graphene derivative with excellent physicochemical properties and is extensively utilized across diverse fields. In this study, we explored the effect of GO on the regeneration and elongation of adventitious roots (AR) in apple rootstock M9-T337. The results showed that GO within the 0.1–1.0 mg/L concentration range promoted AR formation but inhibited root elongation. GO combined with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) increased the rooting rate and the number of lateral roots of apple rootstock. The application of GO in conjunction with IBA treatments significantly enhanced the rooting rate and promoted the development of lateral roots in apple rootstock. Compared with the IBA treatment, the IBA + GO treatment resulted in a higher production of ethylene and enhanced the expression of ethylene synthesis genes MdACO1 and MdACS2, as well as the ethylene signal transduction gene MdEIN3. Both the IBA + GO treatment and the IBA + GO + silver nitrate (AgNO3) treatment significantly enhanced the capacity of root triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction. The IBA + GO treatment exhibited a significantly lower level of H2O2 compared to the other treatments, while exhibiting elevated levels of O2•– relative to other treatments. GO alters the expression of auxin transport genes. The IBA + GO treatment significantly increased the expression of the AR regeneration genes MdLBD29 and MdWOX11, as well as the cell cycle genes CYCD3;1 and CYCD3;2. These results indicate that GO and its interaction with auxin regulate AR formation and development in apple rootstock.