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<p>This study explored methods for reviving and propagating deteriorating seeds of wild and cultivated <i>Linum</i> species stored in gene banks through embryo culture and micropropagation. Linseed (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i>) is a specialty oilseed crop gaining popularity due to its high unsaturated fatty acids and specific nutraceuticals, particularly rich in linolenic acid and lignans, which offer various health benefits. Wild <i>Linum</i> species, known for their desirable traits, are frequently used in breeding programs. To support breeding efforts at the Indian Council of Agricultural Sciences (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi,&#xa0;India, accessions of wild species (<i>Linum grandiflorum</i>, <i>L. lewisii</i>, <i>L. perenne</i>, <i>L. hudsonioides</i>, <i>L. aristatum</i>, and <i>L. tenuifolium</i>) were sourced from the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services (USDA-ARS, Pullman, Washington) gene bank. Seeds of the cultivated species (<i>L. usitatissimum</i>) were obtained from the NBPGR gene bank. Since these seeds exhibited poor field germination, embryo culture was employed to recover viable plantlets. Additionally, a micropropagation protocol was established using hypocotyl explants. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.2&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup> 6-benzyladenine (BA) effectively promoted shoot proliferation in all species, with <i>L. hudsonioides</i> achieving the highest multiplication rate (119 ± 4.6 shoots). Rooting was successfully induced using full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup> indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). This protocol provides a reliable approach to overcome germination challenges and enables efficient micropropagation across various <i>Linum</i> species. It also establishes a foundation for future transformation studies and investigations into secondary metabolite production. The simplicity and broad applicability of this method hold significant potential for advancing breeding programs by improving the use of <i>Linum</i> germplasm stored in gene banks worldwide.</p>

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Revitalizing Linum germplasm: an optimized protocol for embryo culture and multiplication of diverse species for breeding and conservation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月9日

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  • Vartika Srivastava,
  • Anjali Kumari,
  • Mamta Singh,
  • Vikender Kaur,
  • Raut Vijaykumar Kailasrao,
  • Kavita Gupta,
  • Anju Mahendru Singh,
  • Gyanendra Pratap Singh

摘要

This study explored methods for reviving and propagating deteriorating seeds of wild and cultivated Linum species stored in gene banks through embryo culture and micropropagation. Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) is a specialty oilseed crop gaining popularity due to its high unsaturated fatty acids and specific nutraceuticals, particularly rich in linolenic acid and lignans, which offer various health benefits. Wild Linum species, known for their desirable traits, are frequently used in breeding programs. To support breeding efforts at the Indian Council of Agricultural Sciences (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi, India, accessions of wild species (Linum grandiflorum, L. lewisii, L. perenne, L. hudsonioides, L. aristatum, and L. tenuifolium) were sourced from the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services (USDA-ARS, Pullman, Washington) gene bank. Seeds of the cultivated species (L. usitatissimum) were obtained from the NBPGR gene bank. Since these seeds exhibited poor field germination, embryo culture was employed to recover viable plantlets. Additionally, a micropropagation protocol was established using hypocotyl explants. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.2 mg L−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) effectively promoted shoot proliferation in all species, with L. hudsonioides achieving the highest multiplication rate (119 ± 4.6 shoots). Rooting was successfully induced using full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). This protocol provides a reliable approach to overcome germination challenges and enables efficient micropropagation across various Linum species. It also establishes a foundation for future transformation studies and investigations into secondary metabolite production. The simplicity and broad applicability of this method hold significant potential for advancing breeding programs by improving the use of Linum germplasm stored in gene banks worldwide.