Scalable production of Actinidia arguta adventitious roots in air-lift bioreactors and their antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus
摘要
Actinidia arguta roots possess various biological activities, but their production is challenging due to the limitations of natural growing conditions. This study aimed to produce adventitious roots (ARs) in air-lift bioreactors as an alternative approach for raw material production and to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of ARs against Staphylococcus aureus for future utilization. The results demonstrated that an efficient AR bioreactor culture was achieved at an inoculation density of 10 g L−1, an air volume of 0.075 vvm (air volume per culture volume per min), and a culture duration of 40 days (d). Under these conditions, 946.9 mg L−1 of total flavonoids, 438.9 mg L−1 of triterpenoids, 5.5 mg L−1 of oleanolic acid, and 3.6 mg L−1 of ursolic acid were obtained. A. arguta AR extract (ARE) exhibited antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 8.0 mg mL−1. Additionally, leakage of alkaline phosphatase, electrolytes, nucleic acids, and proteins in S. aureus was observed after ARE treatment, indicating disruption of cell integrity or increased cell permeability. Moreover, ARE inhibited bacterial respiration, particularly through the regulation of the hexose monophosphate pathway. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for the industrial production of A. arguta ARs and the development of natural antibacterial agents for use in food or medicinal products.