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<p>Jackfruit (<i>Artocarpus heterophyllus</i> Lam.) is an important indigenous fruit crop in India that belongs to the family Moraceae. It is a cross-pollinated species exhibiting wide genetic variation resulting in heterozygosis. Additionally, due to the recalcitrant nature of the jackfruit seed, its storage even for a short time results in loss of viability and poor germination. Hence, propagation of the jackfruit plant from seeds is not recommended for commercial cultivation. Traditional <i>ex vitro</i> vegetative propagation methods, such as budding, grafting, and cutting, show a slow growth rate, and the process is cumbersome and time-consuming. To overcome these challenges and to produce true-to-type jackfruit plants for quality maintenance and sustenance, <i>in vitro</i> propagation using shoot tips from mature jackfruit trees was undertaken. The actively growing shoot tips from mature jackfruit trees were excised, washed, and sterilized with 70% ethanol and 0.1% mercury(II) chloride (HgCl<sub>2</sub>). This was followed by inoculating the explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various combinations of plant growth regulators to induce shoot proliferation and subsequent rooting. The highest rate of shoot initiation (93.33%) with the highest number of shoots (5.93) per shoot explant was achieved on MS medium fortified with 3.0&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup> 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2.0&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup> thidiazuron (TDZ; N-phenyl-1,2,3-thidiazole-5ylurea). The excised microshoots rooted on half-strength MS medium with 2.0&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup> indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) induced the highest number of roots (8.07) per shoot. The <i>in vitro</i> obtained jackfruit plantlets were acclimatized best in vermicompost-containing potted plants with a 95% survival rate. The gradually acclimatized jackfruit plants were transferred to natural conditions, where 90% of the plants survived successfully.</p>

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In vitro plant regeneration of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. using shoot tips of mature trees

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月20日

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  • Shayantani Das,
  • Binu Mathew,
  • Jiten Chandra Dang

摘要

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is an important indigenous fruit crop in India that belongs to the family Moraceae. It is a cross-pollinated species exhibiting wide genetic variation resulting in heterozygosis. Additionally, due to the recalcitrant nature of the jackfruit seed, its storage even for a short time results in loss of viability and poor germination. Hence, propagation of the jackfruit plant from seeds is not recommended for commercial cultivation. Traditional ex vitro vegetative propagation methods, such as budding, grafting, and cutting, show a slow growth rate, and the process is cumbersome and time-consuming. To overcome these challenges and to produce true-to-type jackfruit plants for quality maintenance and sustenance, in vitro propagation using shoot tips from mature jackfruit trees was undertaken. The actively growing shoot tips from mature jackfruit trees were excised, washed, and sterilized with 70% ethanol and 0.1% mercury(II) chloride (HgCl2). This was followed by inoculating the explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various combinations of plant growth regulators to induce shoot proliferation and subsequent rooting. The highest rate of shoot initiation (93.33%) with the highest number of shoots (5.93) per shoot explant was achieved on MS medium fortified with 3.0 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2.0 mg L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ; N-phenyl-1,2,3-thidiazole-5ylurea). The excised microshoots rooted on half-strength MS medium with 2.0 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) induced the highest number of roots (8.07) per shoot. The in vitro obtained jackfruit plantlets were acclimatized best in vermicompost-containing potted plants with a 95% survival rate. The gradually acclimatized jackfruit plants were transferred to natural conditions, where 90% of the plants survived successfully.