<p>Nanoparticles, typically from 1 to 100 nm in size, have unique physical and chemical properties that allow them to penetrate biological barriers, making them effective in plant biotechnology for delivering genes, nutrients, and pesticides. Absorbed through roots, leaves, or seeds, they move through the vascular system, enhancing agricultural practices and productivity. Their applications include gene delivery with gold nanoparticles, nanofertilizers for efficient nutrient delivery, and silver nanoparticles for effective pest control, representing significant advancements in sustainable agriculture. However, challenges such as potential toxicity to plants and non-target organisms, high production costs, and environmental impact are the uncertainties that require further research for safe and widespread adoption. Emerging trends include smart nanocarriers that respond to environmental triggers and biodegradable nanoparticles to minimize environmental accumulation. Future research aims to enhance delivery precision and integrate nanotechnology with tools like CRISPR-Cas9 and machine learning for advanced crop management, potentially revolutionizing plant biotechnology and boosting global food security. A study on <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> revealed that using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs: Argovit™) in temporary immersion bioreactors (TIBs) improved propagation and stimulated secondary metabolite production. Specifically, 25.0 and 37.5 mg L⁻¹ AgNPs reduced shoot multiplication, while 12.5 mg L⁻¹ enhanced endogenous diterpene levels. Similarly, applying AgNPs in TIBs to <i>Gerbera jamesonii</i> increased vase life by 21%, suggesting a potential method for extending the post-harvest longevity of cut flowers. Further research will explore these findings in the context of biotic and abiotic stress.</p>