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<p>Twenty-five years ago, Fritz&#xa0;W. Scharpf presented his theory on the unequal conditions for negative and positive integration. According to this theory, negative integration faces lower procedural hurdles than positive integration. Because harmonization at a&#xa0;high level of protection, in contrast to liberalization projects, is dependent on positive integration, actors interested in economic liberalization find more support in EU law than proponents of re-regulation. A&#xa0;recent academic debate questioned whether this theory has now lost its explanatory power. According to some critics, negative integration has been significantly weakened, while positive integration has gained a&#xa0;force that can be classified as contrary to the theory. We discuss the objections in detail and explain why the asymmetry of negative and positive integration continues to shape the integration process.</p>

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Das Ende von negativer und positiver Integration? Wie die politökonomische Heterogenität und prozedurale Entscheidungshürden den Verlauf der europäischen Integration weiterhin prägen

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月18日

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  • Martin Höpner,
  • Susanne K. Schmidt,
  • Daniel Seikel

摘要

Twenty-five years ago, Fritz W. Scharpf presented his theory on the unequal conditions for negative and positive integration. According to this theory, negative integration faces lower procedural hurdles than positive integration. Because harmonization at a high level of protection, in contrast to liberalization projects, is dependent on positive integration, actors interested in economic liberalization find more support in EU law than proponents of re-regulation. A recent academic debate questioned whether this theory has now lost its explanatory power. According to some critics, negative integration has been significantly weakened, while positive integration has gained a force that can be classified as contrary to the theory. We discuss the objections in detail and explain why the asymmetry of negative and positive integration continues to shape the integration process.