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<p>Drought is a critical natural hazard that poses significant challenges across various sectors, particularly in regions with high population density and water dependency. Despite their slow onset, droughts are difficult to manage due to their uncertain duration, intensity, and spatial extent. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of drought events over a 20-year period (2002–2022) in the Bharathapuzha River Basin (BRB), a humid tropical catchment in Kerala, India. Both meteorological and hydrological droughts were assessed using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Streamflow Drought Index (SDI), respectively, across multiple timescales (1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month). The study integrates SPI and SDI using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to derive a Composite Drought Index (CDI) for assessing overall drought severity. The CDI effectively captures the compounded impacts of precipitation deficits and streamflow reductions. Results reveal a strong relationship between SPI and SDI, particularly at the 12-month timescale, highlighting the potential of the composite approach for comprehensive drought assessment. The 2016–2017 drought emerged as the most severe during the study period, corroborated by records from the Kerala State Disaster Management Authority (KSDMA). While validated against historical drought records, the CDI showed good agreement, indicating its potential utility for drought assessment. Spatial mapping of drought severity revealed significant intra-basin variability, emphasizing the need for region-specific mitigation strategies. The study recommends adaptive measures such as rainwater harvesting, recharge well construction, and catchment reforestation to build long-term resilience. These insights are essential for informed water resource planning and drought-risk reduction in the BRB and similar humid tropical regions.</p>

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Integrated meteorological and hydrological drought assessment using a GIS–PCA framework in a humid tropical catchment of the Western Ghats, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • T. M. Sharannya,
  • K. A. Mary Ashna,
  • K. Naveena

摘要

Drought is a critical natural hazard that poses significant challenges across various sectors, particularly in regions with high population density and water dependency. Despite their slow onset, droughts are difficult to manage due to their uncertain duration, intensity, and spatial extent. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of drought events over a 20-year period (2002–2022) in the Bharathapuzha River Basin (BRB), a humid tropical catchment in Kerala, India. Both meteorological and hydrological droughts were assessed using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Streamflow Drought Index (SDI), respectively, across multiple timescales (1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month). The study integrates SPI and SDI using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to derive a Composite Drought Index (CDI) for assessing overall drought severity. The CDI effectively captures the compounded impacts of precipitation deficits and streamflow reductions. Results reveal a strong relationship between SPI and SDI, particularly at the 12-month timescale, highlighting the potential of the composite approach for comprehensive drought assessment. The 2016–2017 drought emerged as the most severe during the study period, corroborated by records from the Kerala State Disaster Management Authority (KSDMA). While validated against historical drought records, the CDI showed good agreement, indicating its potential utility for drought assessment. Spatial mapping of drought severity revealed significant intra-basin variability, emphasizing the need for region-specific mitigation strategies. The study recommends adaptive measures such as rainwater harvesting, recharge well construction, and catchment reforestation to build long-term resilience. These insights are essential for informed water resource planning and drought-risk reduction in the BRB and similar humid tropical regions.