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Objective <p>Complete removal of filling material from complex anatomies such as the mesiobuccal isthmus remains a challenge in endodontic retreatment. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of XP-endo Shaper (XPS), Reciproc (REC), and WaveOne Gold (WOG) in removing root canal filling material during the retreatment of 3D-printed maxillary first molars, as quantified by micro-CT.</p> Methods <p>Fifteen standardized 3D-printed resin teeth with Vertucci type II mesiobuccal canals were prepared, obturated, and randomly assigned to retreatment using XPS, REC, or WOG (n = 5 per group). Micro-CT scans were acquired before and after retreatment to analyze residual filling material volume in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal‒Wallis <i>H</i> test with post hoc Mann‒Whitney <i>U</i> tests (Bonferroni corrected).</p> Results <p>While all the systems achieved near-complete coronal debridement (&gt; 97%), REC demonstrated significantly greater removal in the middle third&#xa0;(99% ± 1% vs. 97% WOG and 94% XPS; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Crucially, in the apical isthmus region, both XPS (95% ± 3%) and REC (90% ± 7%) significantly outperformed WOG (76% ± 3%) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). No significant difference was detected between XPS and REC in the apical third.</p> Conclusion <p>Residual filling material persisted in all the samples. REC showed the highest overall efficiency, whereas XPS achieved comparable apical debridement to REC. These quantitative, region-specific findings&#xa0;support the preferential use of XPS or REC over WOG for retreatment cases involving complex apical anatomy or isthmus configurations.</p>

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Reciproc and XP-endo Shaper Outperform WaveOne Gold in Apical Debris Removal: A Micro-CT Study in 3D-Printed Molars

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Yu-juan Zhu,
  • Xue Zhong,
  • Yu-xuan Wu,
  • Shao-lan Li,
  • Qiu-hui Li

摘要

Objective

Complete removal of filling material from complex anatomies such as the mesiobuccal isthmus remains a challenge in endodontic retreatment. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of XP-endo Shaper (XPS), Reciproc (REC), and WaveOne Gold (WOG) in removing root canal filling material during the retreatment of 3D-printed maxillary first molars, as quantified by micro-CT.

Methods

Fifteen standardized 3D-printed resin teeth with Vertucci type II mesiobuccal canals were prepared, obturated, and randomly assigned to retreatment using XPS, REC, or WOG (n = 5 per group). Micro-CT scans were acquired before and after retreatment to analyze residual filling material volume in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal‒Wallis H test with post hoc Mann‒Whitney U tests (Bonferroni corrected).

Results

While all the systems achieved near-complete coronal debridement (> 97%), REC demonstrated significantly greater removal in the middle third (99% ± 1% vs. 97% WOG and 94% XPS; P < 0.05). Crucially, in the apical isthmus region, both XPS (95% ± 3%) and REC (90% ± 7%) significantly outperformed WOG (76% ± 3%) (P < 0.05). No significant difference was detected between XPS and REC in the apical third.

Conclusion

Residual filling material persisted in all the samples. REC showed the highest overall efficiency, whereas XPS achieved comparable apical debridement to REC. These quantitative, region-specific findings support the preferential use of XPS or REC over WOG for retreatment cases involving complex apical anatomy or isthmus configurations.