<p>This study investigates the theoretical implications of non-linear thermal radiation, slip velocity, and heat generation on the dynamics of unsteady tangent hyperbolic trihybrid nanofluid during its flow past a stretching surface. The stretching sheet is influenced by suction to control permeability, providing deeper insights into the heat transfer mechanisms within the porous medium. Starting with partial differential equations, the modelling of the trihybrid nanofluid, comprising <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$SiO_2$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mi>i</mi> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$TiO_2$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mi>i</mi> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$Al_2O_3$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <msub> <mi>l</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> suspended in water, which are simplified to ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations. The bvp4c method in MATLAB addresses the derived system of equations. The key findings indicate that the temperature profile of the <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$SiO_2 + TiO_2 + Al_2O_3/H_2O$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mi>i</mi> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mi>i</mi> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>A</mi> <msub> <mi>l</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi>O</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> trihybrid nanofluid surpasses that of the hybrid nanofluid <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$SiO_2+TiO_2/H_2O$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mi>i</mi> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mi>i</mi> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi>O</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Furthermore, both fluid types exhibit a decrease in velocity with increasing values of power law index (<i>n</i>), porous medium parameter (<InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\lambda _1$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), and slip velocity parameter (<InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\lambda _2$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>). Notably, the local Nusselt number demonstrates an increase in the concentration of <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$Al_2O_3$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <msub> <mi>l</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> nanoparticles, suggesting improved heat transfer efficiency for the trihybrid nanofluid.</p>

Unsteady MHD flow of tangent hyperbolic Tri-Hybrid nanofluid with radiation and slip effects in porous media

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年6月24日

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Bikram Singh,
Shikha Chandel

摘要

This study investigates the theoretical implications of non-linear thermal radiation, slip velocity, and heat generation on the dynamics of unsteady tangent hyperbolic trihybrid nanofluid during its flow past a stretching surface. The stretching sheet is influenced by suction to control permeability, providing deeper insights into the heat transfer mechanisms within the porous medium. Starting with partial differential equations, the modelling of the trihybrid nanofluid, comprising $SiO_2$ $S i O_{2}$ , $TiO_2$ $T i O_{2}$ , and $Al_2O_3$ $A l_{2} O_{3}$ suspended in water, which are simplified to ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations. The bvp4c method in MATLAB addresses the derived system of equations. The key findings indicate that the temperature profile of the $SiO_2 + TiO_2 + Al_2O_3/H_2O$ $S i O_{2} + T i O_{2} + A l_{2} O_{3} / H_{2} O$ trihybrid nanofluid surpasses that of the hybrid nanofluid $SiO_2+TiO_2/H_2O$ $S i O_{2} + T i O_{2} / H_{2} O$ . Furthermore, both fluid types exhibit a decrease in velocity with increasing values of power law index (n), porous medium parameter ( $\lambda _1$ $λ_{1}$ ), and slip velocity parameter ( $\lambda _2$ $λ_{2}$ ). Notably, the local Nusselt number demonstrates an increase in the concentration of $Al_2O_3$ $A l_{2} O_{3}$ nanoparticles, suggesting improved heat transfer efficiency for the trihybrid nanofluid.