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<p>Against the backdrop of global energy transition and lithium resource constraints, sodium-ion batteries have emerged as a key technological pathway in energy storage and low-speed power applications due to their advantages in resource availability, cost, and safety. Among various cathode materials, P2-type layered transition metal oxides exhibit outstanding electrochemical kinetics. In this study, P2-type Na<sub>0.67</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was modified through Li<sup>+</sup> doping using a urea-chelated hydrothermal method followed by high-temperature solid-state sintering, resulting in the synthesis of Na<sub>0.62</sub> Li<sub>0.05</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>2</sub> cathode material. XRD and SEM characterization confirmed that the material maintains a pure P2-phase structure, with a unique secondary spherical morphology that enhances electrode-electrolyte contact and shortens sodium-ion diffusion pathways. Electrochemical tests revealed that Li⁺ doping effectively suppresses irreversible phase transitions at high voltages and alleviates cyclic stress accumulation. After 100 cycles at 100 mA·g<sup>− 1</sup>, the capacity retention rate improved from 56.1% to 86.1%, accompanied by a significant reduction in charge transfer resistance and notable enhancements in interfacial kinetics and cycling stability. This work provides experimental insights and a feasible strategy for designing high-performance, low-cost sodium-ion battery cathodes, offering substantial value for advancing their commercial application.</p>

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Li-doping and electrochemical performance of P2-type layered oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Wenyuan Duan,
  • Shaoquan Chen,
  • Yutong Li,
  • Miaomiao Li,
  • Jiale Lu,
  • Yanlin Li,
  • Yuhang Yin

摘要

Against the backdrop of global energy transition and lithium resource constraints, sodium-ion batteries have emerged as a key technological pathway in energy storage and low-speed power applications due to their advantages in resource availability, cost, and safety. Among various cathode materials, P2-type layered transition metal oxides exhibit outstanding electrochemical kinetics. In this study, P2-type Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.5O2 was modified through Li+ doping using a urea-chelated hydrothermal method followed by high-temperature solid-state sintering, resulting in the synthesis of Na0.62 Li0.05Mn0.5Fe0.5O2 cathode material. XRD and SEM characterization confirmed that the material maintains a pure P2-phase structure, with a unique secondary spherical morphology that enhances electrode-electrolyte contact and shortens sodium-ion diffusion pathways. Electrochemical tests revealed that Li⁺ doping effectively suppresses irreversible phase transitions at high voltages and alleviates cyclic stress accumulation. After 100 cycles at 100 mA·g− 1, the capacity retention rate improved from 56.1% to 86.1%, accompanied by a significant reduction in charge transfer resistance and notable enhancements in interfacial kinetics and cycling stability. This work provides experimental insights and a feasible strategy for designing high-performance, low-cost sodium-ion battery cathodes, offering substantial value for advancing their commercial application.