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<p>In the present work, ITO nanofiller-dispersed Mg²⁺-based PVDF-HFP polymer electrolytes were developed to improve ionic transport in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). PVDF-HFP–Mg(ClO₄)₂ electrolytes containing indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles were fabricated by solution casting. FTIR, XRD, SEM, and DSC analyses confirmed nanofiller incorporation with reduced polymer crystallinity, forming ion-transport pathways. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that optimized ITO loading decreased ohmic resistance, charge‐transfer resistance, and Warburg impedance. The optimized electrolyte achieved an ionic conductivity of 6.57 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ with an ion transference number of ~ 0.699. DSSCs assembled with this electrolyte exhibited a fill factor of 0.8742 and a power conversion efficiency of 10.91%. The device showed good operational stability with ~ 0.5% efficiency loss over 25 days. These results demonstrate that ITO nanofillers with Mg²⁺ ions enable efficient ion conduction for DSSC electrolytes.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Ionic transport enhancement in Mg2+ based PVDF-HFP polymer electrolytes via tailored ITO nanofiller dispersion for DSSC applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • A. Mallikarjun,
  • M. Sangeetha,
  • Maheshwar Reddy Mettu,
  • M. Ravindar Reddy,
  • Madhukar Poloju,
  • Merhawi Abreha Gebreyesus

摘要

In the present work, ITO nanofiller-dispersed Mg²⁺-based PVDF-HFP polymer electrolytes were developed to improve ionic transport in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). PVDF-HFP–Mg(ClO₄)₂ electrolytes containing indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles were fabricated by solution casting. FTIR, XRD, SEM, and DSC analyses confirmed nanofiller incorporation with reduced polymer crystallinity, forming ion-transport pathways. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that optimized ITO loading decreased ohmic resistance, charge‐transfer resistance, and Warburg impedance. The optimized electrolyte achieved an ionic conductivity of 6.57 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ with an ion transference number of ~ 0.699. DSSCs assembled with this electrolyte exhibited a fill factor of 0.8742 and a power conversion efficiency of 10.91%. The device showed good operational stability with ~ 0.5% efficiency loss over 25 days. These results demonstrate that ITO nanofillers with Mg²⁺ ions enable efficient ion conduction for DSSC electrolytes.

Graphical abstract