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<p>This study presents the synthesis, structural characterization, and electrochemical evaluation of a ternary sulfur-doped graphene oxide/fumed silica/polyaniline (SGO/SiO₂/PANI) composite as an advanced anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Sulfur-doped graphene oxide was prepared via an electrochemical approach, while polyaniline was synthesized through oxidative polymerization, followed by compositional blending with fumed silica at different ratios. Structural and chemical analyses using SEM, TEM, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS confirmed successful sulfur doping, effective polymer formation, and the development of a mesoporous composite architecture. Electrochemical testing revealed that the composite with an intermediate PANI content (denoted as S1) exhibited optimal performance, delivering a high specific discharge capacity of 1083 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1&#xa0;C, a superior rate capacity of 213 mAh g⁻¹ at 10&#xa0;C, and nearly 99% capacity retention over 100 cycles at 10&#xa0;C, along with a Coulombic efficiency approaching 99%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated enhanced charge-transfer kinetics and improved Li⁺ diffusion, attributed to the synergistic integration of conductive SGO frameworks, pseudocapacitive PANI, and structurally stabilizing SiO₂. Furthermore, full-cell evaluations using LiFePO₄ cathodes confirmed the improved rate capability and cycling durability of the S1 composite compared with conventional graphite anodes.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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High-rate and durable lithium-ion battery anodes based on a ternary sulfur-doped graphene oxide/polyaniline/SiO2 composite

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Mohammed Al-Bujasim,
  • Metin Gencten

摘要

This study presents the synthesis, structural characterization, and electrochemical evaluation of a ternary sulfur-doped graphene oxide/fumed silica/polyaniline (SGO/SiO₂/PANI) composite as an advanced anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Sulfur-doped graphene oxide was prepared via an electrochemical approach, while polyaniline was synthesized through oxidative polymerization, followed by compositional blending with fumed silica at different ratios. Structural and chemical analyses using SEM, TEM, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS confirmed successful sulfur doping, effective polymer formation, and the development of a mesoporous composite architecture. Electrochemical testing revealed that the composite with an intermediate PANI content (denoted as S1) exhibited optimal performance, delivering a high specific discharge capacity of 1083 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C, a superior rate capacity of 213 mAh g⁻¹ at 10 C, and nearly 99% capacity retention over 100 cycles at 10 C, along with a Coulombic efficiency approaching 99%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated enhanced charge-transfer kinetics and improved Li⁺ diffusion, attributed to the synergistic integration of conductive SGO frameworks, pseudocapacitive PANI, and structurally stabilizing SiO₂. Furthermore, full-cell evaluations using LiFePO₄ cathodes confirmed the improved rate capability and cycling durability of the S1 composite compared with conventional graphite anodes.

Graphical abstract