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<p>The pollution of drinking water with heavy metals such as Zinc (Zn²⁺) and mercury (Hg²⁺) poses significant health and environmental risks, requiring the development of sensitive and selective detection methods. In this study, a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with <i>2-(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-N-(2</i>,<i>5-dimethyl-1&#xa0;H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetamide</i> (2NA), a ligand containing nitrogen and oxygen donor atoms, was prepared for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of Zn²⁺ and Hg²⁺ in drinking water. The coordination behavior between the molecule and the metal ions was characterized by FTIR and SEM-EDX spectroscopies, providing valuable insights into the surface modifications and coordination mechanisms. The electrochemical behavior was evaluated utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and square wave voltammetry (SWV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), revealing significant improvements in charge transfer efficiency and electrocatalytic response compared to the non-modified electrode. The sensor demonstrated high stability, low detection limits (0.28µM-Hg(II) and 0.68µM-Zn(II)), and excellent selectivity for the metal ions, with recovery rates ranging from 99 to 104% for Hg²⁺ and 97–100% for Zn²⁺. These results highlight that surface modification with 2NA molecule substantially enhances interfacial electron transfer, providing a promising and reliable platform for the identification of heavy metal ions in aqueous environments.</p>

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2NA-Functionalized carbon paste electrode for sensitive and selective simultaneous detection of Zn(II) and Hg(II) in drinking water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Sofia Kerouad,
  • Bahija Rebbah,
  • Issam Forsal,
  • Mohamed Yassini

摘要

The pollution of drinking water with heavy metals such as Zinc (Zn²⁺) and mercury (Hg²⁺) poses significant health and environmental risks, requiring the development of sensitive and selective detection methods. In this study, a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with 2-(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-N-(2,5-dimethyl-1 H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetamide (2NA), a ligand containing nitrogen and oxygen donor atoms, was prepared for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of Zn²⁺ and Hg²⁺ in drinking water. The coordination behavior between the molecule and the metal ions was characterized by FTIR and SEM-EDX spectroscopies, providing valuable insights into the surface modifications and coordination mechanisms. The electrochemical behavior was evaluated utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and square wave voltammetry (SWV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), revealing significant improvements in charge transfer efficiency and electrocatalytic response compared to the non-modified electrode. The sensor demonstrated high stability, low detection limits (0.28µM-Hg(II) and 0.68µM-Zn(II)), and excellent selectivity for the metal ions, with recovery rates ranging from 99 to 104% for Hg²⁺ and 97–100% for Zn²⁺. These results highlight that surface modification with 2NA molecule substantially enhances interfacial electron transfer, providing a promising and reliable platform for the identification of heavy metal ions in aqueous environments.