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<p>Recently, exploring new materials with high capacity and stability for energy storage systems has been highly challenging. A supercapacitor is an essential energy storage device known for its fast charge/discharge and long-life features, widely used to tap the gap between the energy and power densities of batteries and capacitors. Supercapacitors containing transition metal oxides have low electronic conductivity and slower ion transport kinetics due to their crystalline nature and narrow diffusion pathway, while carbon-based materials have passive ion diffusion under thick mass loading, resulting in the practical applications offering poor cycling stability. Therefore, optimizing the electrode material is essential, which simultaneously improves the above complexes. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are promising and multifunctional electrode materials that have been used in various applications. It is the extraordinary combination of both organic and inorganic components by strong bonds that show a large specific surface area (SSA) with abundant active sites, high porosity, low density, tunable pore size, and adjustable geometry morphologies. This review summarizes the utilization of MOFs in supercapacitors, highlighting their electrochemical performance as electrode material. The review also explores the advancement and efficiency of MOF for the latest energy storage systems. Pristine MOFs, bimetallic MOFs, conductive MOFs, MOF-derived metal oxides, sulfides, phosphides, carbides, and carbon-based composites for supercapacitor applications have drawn much experimental attention in recent years on their synthesis, modification, and optimization. Meanwhile, theoretical techniques such as density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and first principles calculations have allowed us to gain fundamental insights on charge transfer mechanisms, electronic structure modulation, ion adsorption behavior, and atomic-level energy storage processes. However, the low conductivity and poor cycle performance of MOFs limit their effective use in the energy storage industry. To overcome these obstacles, MOFs can be incorporated with diverse functional materials to build hierarchical heterostructures with spatial dimensionalities. Eventually, this incorporation will lead to ranged functions and allow MOFs to reach their full potential. Currently, the synergy of MOFs and functional materials is allowing for promising electrochemical outputs in the field of materials research. On this account, this review concludes, based on the available literature that the MOFs with derived materials have better electrochemical behavior than the other MOF based materials, which contributes to their future perspectives and challenges of new innovations in the field of supercapacitors.</p>

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Metal – Organic Framework based electrode materials for electrochemical performance of supercapacitors – A review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • A. B. Shanmugapriya,
  • L. Lavanya,
  • A. Juliet Christina Mary

摘要

Recently, exploring new materials with high capacity and stability for energy storage systems has been highly challenging. A supercapacitor is an essential energy storage device known for its fast charge/discharge and long-life features, widely used to tap the gap between the energy and power densities of batteries and capacitors. Supercapacitors containing transition metal oxides have low electronic conductivity and slower ion transport kinetics due to their crystalline nature and narrow diffusion pathway, while carbon-based materials have passive ion diffusion under thick mass loading, resulting in the practical applications offering poor cycling stability. Therefore, optimizing the electrode material is essential, which simultaneously improves the above complexes. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are promising and multifunctional electrode materials that have been used in various applications. It is the extraordinary combination of both organic and inorganic components by strong bonds that show a large specific surface area (SSA) with abundant active sites, high porosity, low density, tunable pore size, and adjustable geometry morphologies. This review summarizes the utilization of MOFs in supercapacitors, highlighting their electrochemical performance as electrode material. The review also explores the advancement and efficiency of MOF for the latest energy storage systems. Pristine MOFs, bimetallic MOFs, conductive MOFs, MOF-derived metal oxides, sulfides, phosphides, carbides, and carbon-based composites for supercapacitor applications have drawn much experimental attention in recent years on their synthesis, modification, and optimization. Meanwhile, theoretical techniques such as density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and first principles calculations have allowed us to gain fundamental insights on charge transfer mechanisms, electronic structure modulation, ion adsorption behavior, and atomic-level energy storage processes. However, the low conductivity and poor cycle performance of MOFs limit their effective use in the energy storage industry. To overcome these obstacles, MOFs can be incorporated with diverse functional materials to build hierarchical heterostructures with spatial dimensionalities. Eventually, this incorporation will lead to ranged functions and allow MOFs to reach their full potential. Currently, the synergy of MOFs and functional materials is allowing for promising electrochemical outputs in the field of materials research. On this account, this review concludes, based on the available literature that the MOFs with derived materials have better electrochemical behavior than the other MOF based materials, which contributes to their future perspectives and challenges of new innovations in the field of supercapacitors.