<p>Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising electrode materials for supercapacitors because of their tunable composition, high porosity, and abundant redox-active sites. However, their practical use is still limited by low intrinsic conductivity, slow ion transport, and limited structural stability during long cycling. In this review, we propose a multiscale framework that shows how to improve ion and electron transport together across different length scales. At the atomic and nanoscale levels, the electronic structure and pore environment are adjusted through metal-node selection, ligand design, and pore tuning to improve conductivity and lower ion-diffusion barriers. At the mesoscale, we build composites and engineer interfaces. This creates continuous electron pathways without blocking ion channels. At the device level, binder-free electrodes, asymmetric configurations, and solid-state electrolytes are highlighted as practical ways to widen the voltage window and improve mechanical stability. Finally, we discuss future opportunities in theory-guided design, operando characterization, and data-driven materials discovery for accelerating the development of MOF-based supercapacitors.</p>